PMID- 15199521
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040706
LR  - 20061115
IS  - 1528-9648 (Print)
IS  - 1528-9648 (Linking)
VI  - 1
IP  - 1
DP  - 2001
TI  - Venous thromboembolism in pediatrics.
PG  - 111-22
AB  - Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pediatrics is quickly becoming a well-recognized 
      cause of significant morbidity and mortality in children. Most children diagnosed 
      with VTE have a serious underlying primary illness such as cancer, chronic total 
      parenteral nutrition (TPN) dependency, or congenital heart disease. Infants and 
      adolescents are most at risk of developing VTE, and the most significant risk 
      factor is the presence of a central venous line (CVL). The incidence of VTE 
      varies widely with study design and the diagnostic test used to detect 
      thrombosis. Venography remains the gold standard diagnostic test, although 
      ultrasound is increasingly used due to its noninvasive nature, despite concern 
      regarding the sensitivity in upper system VTE. The treatment of uncomplicated VTE 
      in children consists primarily of unfractionated heparin (UFH) initially, 
      followed by oral anticoagulation or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for 3 
      months. LMWH offers many advantages over UFH due to the longer half-life, 
      increased bioavailability, and ease of administration and monitoring in children. 
      Acute complications of VTE in children are numerous and include pulmonary 
      embolism (PE), chylothorax, and superior vena cava syndrome. Long-term morbidity 
      includes recurrent VTE, postthrombotic syndrome, repeat general anesthetics for 
      CVL placement, and eventual destruction of the upper venous system in children 
      with repeat CVL-related VTE. Death from VTE is rare and is primarily due to PE.
FAU - Anton, N
AU  - Anton N
AD  - Hematology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
FAU - Massicotte, M P
AU  - Massicotte MP
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Semin Vasc Med
JT  - Seminars in vascular medicine
JID - 100940307
RN  - 0 (Anticoagulants)
RN  - 0 (Antithrombins)
RN  - 0 (Blood Coagulation Factor Inhibitors)
RN  - 9005-49-6 (Heparin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
MH  - Antithrombins/analysis
MH  - Blood Coagulation Factor Inhibitors/blood
MH  - Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects
MH  - Child
MH  - Heparin/therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - International Normalized Ratio
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - *Thromboembolism/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy
MH  - *Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy
RF  - 141
EDAT- 2004/06/17 05:00
MHDA- 2004/07/09 05:00
CRDT- 2004/06/17 05:00
PHST- 2004/06/17 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/07/09 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/06/17 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1055/s-2001-14548 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Semin Vasc Med. 2001;1(1):111-22. doi: 10.1055/s-2001-14548.