PMID- 15204765
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040720
LR  - 20191026
IS  - 0895-8378 (Print)
IS  - 0895-8378 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 4
DP  - 2004 Apr
TI  - Health effects of subchronic exposure to environmental levels of diesel exhaust.
PG  - 177-93
AB  - Diesel exhaust is a public health concern and contributor to both ambient and 
      occupational air pollution. As part of a general health assessment of multiple 
      anthropogenic source emissions conducted by the National Environmental 
      Respiratory Center (NERC), a series of health assays was conducted on rats and 
      mice exposed to environmentally relevant levels of diesel exhaust. This article 
      summarizes the study design and exposures, and reports findings on several 
      general indicators of toxicity and carcinogenic potential. Diesel exhaust was 
      generated from a commonly used 2000 model 5.9-L, 6-cylinder turbo diesel engine 
      operated on a variable-load heavy-duty test cycle burning national average 
      certification fuel. Animals were exposed to clean air (control) or four dilutions 
      of whole emissions based on particulate matter concentration (30, 100, 300, and 
      1000 microg/m(3)). Male and female F344 rats and A/J mice were exposed by 
      whole-body inhalation 6 h/day, 7 days/wk, for either 1 wk or 6 mo. Exposures were 
      characterized in detail. Effects of exposure on clinical observations, body and 
      organ weights, serum chemistry, hematology, histopathology, bronchoalveolar 
      lavage, and serum clotting factors were mild. Significant exposure-related 
      effects occurring in both male and female rats included decreases in serum 
      cholesterol and clotting Factor VII and slight increases in serum gamma-glutamyl 
      transferase. Several other responses met screening criteria for significant 
      exposure effects but were not consistent between genders or exposure times and 
      were not corroborated by related parameters. Carcinogenic potential as determined 
      by micronucleated reticulocyte counts and proliferation of adenomas in A/J mice 
      were unaffected by 6 mo of exposure. Parallel studies demonstrated effects on 
      cardiac function and resistance to viral infection; however, the results reported 
      here show few and only modest health hazards from subchronic or shorter exposures 
      to realistic concentrations of contemporary diesel emissions.
FAU - Reed, M D
AU  - Reed MD
AD  - Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. 
      mreed@lrri.org
FAU - Gigliotti, A P
AU  - Gigliotti AP
FAU - McDonald, J D
AU  - McDonald JD
FAU - Seagrave, J C
AU  - Seagrave JC
FAU - Seilkop, S K
AU  - Seilkop SK
FAU - Mauderly, J L
AU  - Mauderly JL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - England
TA  - Inhal Toxicol
JT  - Inhalation toxicology
JID - 8910739
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Vehicle Emissions)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenoma/chemically induced/pathology
MH  - Administration, Inhalation
MH  - *Air Pollutants
MH  - Animals
MH  - Body Weight/drug effects
MH  - Carcinogenicity Tests
MH  - Clinical Chemistry Tests
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Female
MH  - Hematologic Tests
MH  - Inhalation Exposure
MH  - Lung/*drug effects/pathology
MH  - Lung Neoplasms/chemically induced/pathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred Strains
MH  - Micronucleus Tests
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Inbred F344
MH  - Vehicle Emissions/*toxicity
EDAT- 2004/06/19 05:00
MHDA- 2004/07/21 05:00
CRDT- 2004/06/19 05:00
PHST- 2004/06/19 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/07/21 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/06/19 05:00 [entrez]
AID - VLFXJ0U9WENUYWX4 [pii]
AID - 10.1080/08958370490277146 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Inhal Toxicol. 2004 Apr;16(4):177-93. doi: 10.1080/08958370490277146.