PMID- 15212750
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050310
LR  - 20051116
IS  - 0899-9007 (Print)
IS  - 0899-9007 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 7-8
DP  - 2004 Jul-Aug
TI  - Carbohydrate intake during exercise and performance.
PG  - 669-77
AB  - It is generally accepted that carbohydrate (CHO) feeding during exercise can 
      improve endurance capacity (time to exhaustion) and exercise performance during 
      prolonged exercise (>2 h). More recently, studies have also shown ergogenic 
      effects of CHO feeding during shorter exercise of high intensity ( approximately 
      1 h at >75% of maximum oxygen consumption). During prolonged exercise the 
      mechanism behind this performance improvement is likely to be related to 
      maintenance of high rates of CHO oxidation and the prevention of hypoglycemia. 
      Nevertheless, other mechanisms may play a role, depending on the type of exercise 
      and the specific conditions. The mechanism for performance improvements during 
      higher-intensity exercise is less clear, but there is some evidence that CHO can 
      have central effects. In the past few years, studies have investigated ways to 
      optimize CHO delivery and bioavailability. An analysis of all studies available 
      shows that a single CHO ingested during exercise will be oxidized at rates up to 
      about 1 g/min, even when large amounts of CHO are ingested. Combinations of CHO 
      that use different intestinal transporters for absorption (e.g., glucose and 
      fructose) have been shown to result in higher oxidation rates, and this seems to 
      be a way to increase exogenous CHO oxidation rates by 20% to 50%. The search will 
      continue for ways to further improve CHO delivery and to improve the oxidation 
      efficiency resulting in less accumulation of CHO in the gastrointestinal tract 
      and potentially decreasing gastrointestinal problems during prolonged exercise.
FAU - Jeukendrup, Asker E
AU  - Jeukendrup AE
AD  - Human Performance Laboratory, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University 
      of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom. a.e.jeukendrup@bham.ac.uk
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Nutrition
JT  - Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
JID - 8802712
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biological Availability
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Physical Endurance/physiology
MH  - Physical Fitness/*physiology
RF  - 113
EDAT- 2004/06/24 05:00
MHDA- 2005/03/11 09:00
CRDT- 2004/06/24 05:00
PHST- 2004/06/24 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/03/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/06/24 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0899900704001169 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.017 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nutrition. 2004 Jul-Aug;20(7-8):669-77. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.017.