PMID- 15214631
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20041222
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0723-2020 (Print)
IS  - 0723-2020 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 3
DP  - 2004 May
TI  - Nitrification and anammox with urea as the energy source.
PG  - 271-8
AB  - Urea is present in many ecosystems and can be used as an energy source by 
      chemolithotrophic aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Thus the utilization 
      of urea in comparison to ammonia, by AOB as well as anaerobic ammonia oxidizing 
      (Anammox) bacteria was investigated, using enrichments cultures, inoculated with 
      activated sludge, and molecular ecological methods. In batch enrichment cultures 
      grown with ammonia a population established in 2 weeks, which was dominated by 
      halophilic and halotolerant AOB as determined by fluorescence in situ 
      hybridization (FISH) experiments, with the 16S rRNA targeting oligonucleotide 
      probe NEU. In other batch enrichment cultures using urea, the AOB population was 
      assessed by PCR amplification, cloning and phylogenetic analysis of amoA and 
      ribosomal 16S rRNA genes. While only one of the 48 16S rRNA gene clones could be 
      identified as AOB (Nitrosomonas oligotropha), the amoA approach revealed two more 
      AOB, Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosomonas nitrosa to be present in the 
      enrichment. FISH analysis of the enrichment with probe NEU and newly designed 
      probes for a specific detection of N. oligotropha and N. nitrosa related 
      organisms, respectively, showed that N. oligotropha-like AOB formed about 50% of 
      the total bacterial population. Also N. nitrosa (about 15% of the total 
      population) and N. europaea (about 5% of the total population) were relatively 
      abundant. Additionally, continuous enrichments were performed under oxygen 
      limitation. When ammonia was the energy source, the community in this reactor 
      consisted of Anammox bacteria and AOB hybridizing with probe NEU. As the 
      substrate was changed to urea, AOB related to N. oligotropha became the dominant 
      AOB in this oxygen limited consortium. This resulted in a direct conversion of 
      urea to dinitrogen gas, without the addition of organic carbon.
FAU - Sliekers, A Olav
AU  - Sliekers AO
AD  - Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Haaijer, Suzanne
AU  - Haaijer S
FAU - Schmid, Markus
AU  - Schmid M
FAU - Harhangi, Harry
AU  - Harhangi H
FAU - Verwegen, Karin
AU  - Verwegen K
FAU - Kuenen, J Gijs
AU  - Kuenen JG
FAU - Jetten, Mike S M
AU  - Jetten MS
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AY343318
SI  - GENBANK/AY343319
SI  - GENBANK/AY343320
SI  - GENBANK/AY343321
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Germany
TA  - Syst Appl Microbiol
JT  - Systematic and applied microbiology
JID - 8306133
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - 7664-41-7 (Ammonia)
RN  - 8W8T17847W (Urea)
RN  - N762921K75 (Nitrogen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aerobiosis
MH  - Ammonia/*metabolism
MH  - Anaerobiosis
MH  - Bacteria, Anaerobic/*metabolism
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/isolation & purification
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/isolation & purification
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - Genes, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Genes, rRNA/genetics
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Nitrogen/metabolism
MH  - Nitrosomonas/classification/genetics/growth & development/*isolation & 
      purification/*metabolism
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sequence Homology
MH  - Sewage/*microbiology
MH  - Urea/*metabolism
EDAT- 2004/06/25 05:00
MHDA- 2004/12/23 09:00
CRDT- 2004/06/25 05:00
PHST- 2004/06/25 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/12/23 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/06/25 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0723-2020(04)70261-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1078/0723-2020-00259 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Syst Appl Microbiol. 2004 May;27(3):271-8. doi: 10.1078/0723-2020-00259.