PMID- 15245478
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040907
LR  - 20220225
IS  - 0953-816X (Print)
IS  - 0953-816X (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 1
DP  - 2004 Jul
TI  - Brain hyperthermia induced by MDMA (ecstasy): modulation by environmental 
      conditions.
PG  - 51-8
AB  - Drugs of abuse, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), often have more 
      powerful effects during states of increased activation and under specific 
      environmental conditions. Because hyperthermia is a major complication of MDMA 
      use and a factor potentiating neurotoxicity, we examined the effects of this drug 
      (9 mg/kg, sc; approximately one-fifth of the known LD(50) in rats) on brain 
      [nucleus accumbens (Nacc) and hippocampus (Hippo)] and muscle (musculus 
      temporalis) temperatures in male rats under conditions that either model human 
      drug use (social interaction with female, warm temperature) or restrict heat 
      dissipation from the brain (chronic occlusion of jugular veins). Under quiet 
      resting conditions at 23 degrees C, MDMA induced a moderate but prolonged 
      hyperthermia. Both NAcc and Hippo showed more rapid and stronger temperature 
      increases than muscle, suggesting metabolic neural activation as a primary cause 
      of brain hyperthermia. During social interaction with a female, brain 
      hyperthermia induced by MDMA was significantly potentiated (+89%). Brain 
      hyperthermia induced by MDMA was also strongly potentiated (+188%) in animals 
      with chronically occluded jugular veins, suggesting impaired cerebral outflow 
      enhances intrabrain heat accumulation. At 29 degrees C, MDMA pushed temperatures 
      in the brain to its biological limits (>41 degrees C; +268%), resulting in 
      fatalities in most (83%) tested animals. Therefore, by inducing metabolic brain 
      activation and restricting heat dissipation, MDMA use under 'party' conditions 
      may be much more dangerous than under standard laboratory conditions.
FAU - Brown, P Leon
AU  - Brown PL
AD  - Behavioural Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural 
      Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human 
      Services, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
FAU - Kiyatkin, Eugene A
AU  - Kiyatkin EA
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - France
TA  - Eur J Neurosci
JT  - The European journal of neuroscience
JID - 8918110
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Body Temperature/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Brain/*physiopathology
MH  - *Environment
MH  - Female
MH  - Fever/*chemically induced/physiopathology
MH  - Hallucinogens/*adverse effects
MH  - Hippocampus/drug effects/physiopathology
MH  - Interpersonal Relations
MH  - Jugular Veins/innervation/physiopathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Muscles/drug effects/physiopathology
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*adverse effects
MH  - Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects/physiopathology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Long-Evans
EDAT- 2004/07/13 05:00
MHDA- 2004/09/08 05:00
CRDT- 2004/07/13 05:00
PHST- 2004/07/13 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/09/08 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/07/13 05:00 [entrez]
AID - EJN3453 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03453.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Neurosci. 2004 Jul;20(1):51-8. doi: 10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03453.x.