PMID- 15282651
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050131
LR  - 20060307
IS  - 0094-6176 (Print)
IS  - 0094-6176 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 3
DP  - 2004 Jun
TI  - Prevalence of anti-PF4/heparin antibodies and the HIT syndrome in cardiovascular 
      medicine.
PG  - 291-5
AB  - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially life-threatening adverse 
      effect of heparin treatment. HIT is mediated by antibodies directed at complexes 
      that form between heparin and platelet factor 4 in plasma and are located on the 
      platelet surface and on endothelium. HIT occurs in 1 to 2% of patients receiving 
      unfractionated heparin (UFH) and with lower frequency in patients receiving 
      low-molecular-weight heparins and heparinoids. Despite recent insights into the 
      mechanisms of HIT, there remain important unresolved issues. For example, the 
      reason for the wide difference in the frequency of HIT in patients treated with 
      UFH in various clinical trials is not yet clear. There are patient 
      population-dependent differences in the risk for HIT immunoglobulin G and the 
      development of thrombotic episodes. The complex nature of this syndrome may 
      relate to the composition of the responsible antigen. Patients with HIT need a 
      more accurate evaluation of platelet counts and a better assessment of clinical 
      evidence for thrombosis. Alternative anticoagulant therapy approaches are being 
      studied, but there is at this time no firm clinical evidence for which treatment 
      is best for patients with HIT and HIT-related thromboses.
FAU - Mattioli, Anna Vittoria
AU  - Mattioli AV
AD  - Department of Cardiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. 
      mattioli.annavittoria@.unimo.it
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Semin Thromb Hemost
JT  - Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
JID - 0431155
RN  - 0 (Antibodies)
RN  - 0 (Anticoagulants)
RN  - 0 (Autoantibodies)
RN  - 0 (Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
RN  - 37270-94-3 (Platelet Factor 4)
RN  - 9005-49-6 (Heparin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antibodies/*immunology
MH  - Anticoagulants/adverse effects
MH  - Autoantibodies/chemistry
MH  - Blood Platelets/metabolism
MH  - Child
MH  - *Diagnosis
MH  - Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
MH  - Heart Diseases/complications/surgery
MH  - Heparin/*adverse effects
MH  - Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/adverse effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/chemistry
MH  - Platelet Count
MH  - Platelet Factor 4/chemistry/*immunology
MH  - Syndrome
MH  - Thrombocytopenia/*chemically induced
RF  - 42
EDAT- 2004/07/30 05:00
MHDA- 2005/02/03 09:00
CRDT- 2004/07/30 05:00
PHST- 2004/07/30 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/02/03 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/07/30 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1055/s-2004-831041 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Semin Thromb Hemost. 2004 Jun;30(3):291-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-831041.