PMID- 15325580
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050216
LR  - 20051117
IS  - 1357-2725 (Print)
IS  - 1357-2725 (Linking)
VI  - 36
IP  - 12
DP  - 2004 Dec
TI  - The role of macroautophagy in the ageing process, anti-ageing intervention and 
      age-associated diseases.
PG  - 2392-404
AB  - Macroautophagy is a degradation/recycling system ubiquitous in eukariotic cells, 
      which generates nutrients during fasting under the control of amino acids and 
      hormones, and contributes to the turnover and rejuvenation of cellular components 
      (long-lived proteins, cytomembranes and organelles). Tight coupling between these 
      two functions may be the weak point in cell housekeeping. Ageing denotes a 
      post-maturational deterioration of tissues and organs with the passage of time, 
      due to the progressive accumulation of the misfunctioning cell components because 
      of oxidative damage and an age-dependent decline of turnover rate and 
      housekeeping. Caloric restriction (CR) and lower insulin levels may slow down 
      many age-dependent processes and extend lifespan. Recent evidence is reviewed 
      showing that autophagy is involved in ageing and in the anti-ageing action of 
      anti-ageing calorie restriction: function of autophagy declines during adulthood 
      and is almost negligible at older age; CR prevents the age-dependent decline of 
      autophagic proteolysis and improves the sensitivity of liver cells to stimulation 
      of lysosomal degradation; protection of autophagic proteolysis from the 
      age-related decline co-varies with the duration and level of anti-ageing food 
      restriction like the effects of CR extending lifespan; the pharmacological 
      stimulation of macroautophagy has anti-ageing effects. Besides the involvement in 
      ageing, macroautophagy may have an essential role in the pathogenesis of many 
      age-associated diseases. Higher protein turnover may not fully account for the 
      anti-ageing effects of macroautophagy, and effects of macroautophagy on 
      housekeeping of the cell organelles, antioxidant machinery of cell membranes and 
      transmembrane cell signaling should also be considered.
FAU - Bergamini, E
AU  - Bergamini E
AD  - Centro di Ricerca di Biologia e Patologia dell'Invecchiamento, University of 
      Pisa, Scuola Medica, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy. ebergami@ipg.med.unipi.it
FAU - Cavallini, G
AU  - Cavallini G
FAU - Donati, A
AU  - Donati A
FAU - Gori, Z
AU  - Gori Z
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Int J Biochem Cell Biol
JT  - The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology
JID - 9508482
SB  - IM
MH  - Aging/drug effects/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Autophagy/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Caloric Restriction
MH  - Exercise
MH  - Humans
RF  - 94
EDAT- 2004/08/25 05:00
MHDA- 2005/02/17 09:00
CRDT- 2004/08/25 05:00
PHST- 2004/08/25 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/02/17 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/08/25 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S1357272504002006 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Dec;36(12):2392-404. doi: 
      10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.007.