PMID- 15327478
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20041216
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 1396-0296 (Print)
IS  - 1396-0296 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 4
DP  - 2004
TI  - Copper hypersensitivity: dermatologic aspects.
PG  - 328-33
AB  - Reports of immune reactions of both the immediate and delayed types due to 
      cutaneous or systemic exposure to copper have been reviewed, in the endeavor to 
      draw a comprehensive profile of the immunogenic potential of that metal and its 
      compounds. The metal's immunotoxic potential is also briefly reviewed. In 
      principle, as noted for other transition metals, the electropositive copper ion 
      is potentially immunogenic due to its ability to diffuse through biological 
      membranes to form complexes in contact with tissue protein. Based on predictive 
      guinea pig test and the local lymph node assay (LLNA), copper has a low 
      sensitization potential. Reports of immune reactions to copper include 
      immunologic contact urticaria (ICU), allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), systemic 
      allergic reactions (SAR) and contact stomatitis (STO), but considering the 
      widespread use of copper IUDs and the importance of copper in coinage, items of 
      personal adornment and industry, unambiguous reports of sensitization to the 
      metal are extremely rare, and even fewer are the cases, which appear clinically 
      relevant. Reports of immune reactions to copper mainly describe systemic exposure 
      from intrauterine devices and prosthetic materials in dentistry, implicitly 
      excluding induction of the hypersensitivity from contact with the skin as a risk 
      factor. We provide a diagnostic algorithm that might clarify the frequency of 
      copper hypersensitivity.
FAU - Hostynek, Jurij J
AU  - Hostynek JJ
AD  - UCSF School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143-0989, 
      USA. jurijj@hotmail.com
FAU - Maibach, Howard I
AU  - Maibach HI
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Dermatol Ther
JT  - Dermatologic therapy
JID - 9700070
RN  - 789U1901C5 (Copper)
SB  - IM
MH  - Copper/*adverse effects
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/diagnosis/epidemiology/*etiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypersensitivity, Delayed/epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Hypersensitivity, Immediate/epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Immunization/*methods
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Male
MH  - Patch Tests
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
RF  - 28
EDAT- 2004/08/26 05:00
MHDA- 2004/12/17 09:00
CRDT- 2004/08/26 05:00
PHST- 2004/08/26 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/12/17 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/08/26 05:00 [entrez]
AID - DTH04035 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.1396-0296.2004.04035.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Dermatol Ther. 2004;17(4):328-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1396-0296.2004.04035.x.