PMID- 15377607
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050125
LR  - 20161124
IS  - 0022-0302 (Print)
IS  - 0022-0302 (Linking)
VI  - 87
IP  - 10
DP  - 2004 Oct
TI  - Teat anatomy and its relationship with quarter and udder milk flow 
      characteristics in dairy cows.
PG  - 3280-9
AB  - Anatomical and functional characteristics of the teat are supposed to have 
      considerable influence on milk flow performance. In the present study, various 
      teat and milking characteristics in 148 quarters of 38 cows were analyzed via 3 
      different approaches. Teat canal length, teat wall thickness, and teat diameter 
      were measured by ultrasound. In addition, the vacuum needed to open the teat 
      canal (VO) was determined and milk flow profiles were measured in each quarter 
      separately. Rear teats were shorter and thicker than front teats, whereas teat 
      canal length and teat wall thickness did not differ according to quarter 
      position. Milk yield and peak flow rate (PFR) were higher in rear than in front 
      quarters. Teat canal length and VO were negatively correlated with PFR and 
      average flow rate (AFR) but no correlations were observed between milkability 
      traits and externally measurable teat characteristics like teat length or teat 
      diameter. Individual milkability at an udder level is a complex characteristic 
      that is determined by the milkability at a quarter level and the distribution of 
      quarter milk yields. The anatomical and functional characteristics of single 
      teats can partly explain the milk flow characteristics of individual quarters.
FAU - Weiss, D
AU  - Weiss D
AD  - Physiology Weihenstephan, Technical University, Munich, Germany.
FAU - Weinfurtner, M
AU  - Weinfurtner M
FAU - Bruckmaier, R M
AU  - Bruckmaier RM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Dairy Sci
JT  - Journal of dairy science
JID - 2985126R
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cattle/anatomy & histology/*physiology
MH  - Dairying/methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Lactation/*physiology
MH  - Mammary Glands, Animal/*anatomy & histology/diagnostic imaging/physiology
MH  - Ultrasonography
MH  - Vacuum
EDAT- 2004/09/21 05:00
MHDA- 2005/01/26 09:00
CRDT- 2004/09/21 05:00
PHST- 2004/09/21 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/01/26 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/09/21 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0022-0302(04)73464-5 [pii]
AID - 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73464-5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Dairy Sci. 2004 Oct;87(10):3280-9. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73464-5.