PMID- 15380829
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20041202
LR  - 20200106
IS  - 0736-5748 (Print)
IS  - 0736-5748 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 5-6
DP  - 2004 Aug-Oct
TI  - Cocaine-induced inhibition of process outgrowth in locus coeruleus neurons: role 
      of gestational exposure period and offspring sex.
PG  - 297-308
AB  - Cocaine use during pregnancy is associated with neurobehavioral problems in 
      school-aged children that implicate alterations in attentional processes, 
      potentially due to impairments in the noradrenergic system. We analyzed locus 
      coeruleus (LC) neurite outgrowth characteristics following the administration of 
      a physiologically relevant dose of cocaine (3.0 mg/kg) issued during critical 
      phases of gestation (gestational day (GD)8-14, GD15-21, GD8-21). Results showed 
      that cocaine inhibits LC neurite outgrowth and development, as evidenced by a 
      decrease in total neurite length, a decrease in neurite length per cell, and a 
      decrease in the percentage of cells with neurites. Morphological differences 
      between cultures treated with and without cocaine were also evident. Further, the 
      specific gestational exposure period effects were also dependent upon sex of the 
      fetus. Finally, a discriminant function analysis suggested that the pattern and 
      magnitude of alterations that defined the GD8-14 exposure were significantly 
      different from that of the GD15-21 or GD8-21 exposures. Collectively, these data 
      demonstrate a direct, disruptive effect of cocaine on noradrenergic neurons and 
      may provide a neurobiological basis for changes in attentional function seen in 
      offspring exposed to cocaine in utero.
FAU - Snow, Diane M
AU  - Snow DM
AD  - The University of Kentucky, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Willard 
      Medical Center-MN212, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA. 
      dsnow@uky.edu
FAU - Carman, Heidi M
AU  - Carman HM
FAU - Smith, Jeffrey D
AU  - Smith JD
FAU - Booze, Rosemarie M
AU  - Booze RM
FAU - Welch, Marian A
AU  - Welch MA
FAU - Mactutus, Charles F
AU  - Mactutus CF
LA  - eng
GR  - DA13137/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA12719/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DA012719/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA09160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DA013137/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HD043680/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA14401/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Int J Dev Neurosci
JT  - International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the 
      International Society for Developmental Neuroscience
JID - 8401784
RN  - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Newborn
MH  - Attention/drug effects
MH  - Cocaine/*administration & dosage
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Female
MH  - Gestational Age
MH  - Injections, Intravenous
MH  - Locus Coeruleus/*cytology/*drug effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Maternal-Fetal Exchange/physiology
MH  - Neurites/*drug effects/*ultrastructure
MH  - Neurons/cytology/drug effects
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Long-Evans
MH  - Sex Factors
EDAT- 2004/09/24 05:00
MHDA- 2004/12/16 09:00
CRDT- 2004/09/24 05:00
PHST- 2004/03/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2004/06/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2004/06/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2004/09/24 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/12/16 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/09/24 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0736-5748(04)00081-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.06.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Dev Neurosci. 2004 Aug-Oct;22(5-6):297-308. doi: 
      10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.06.004.