PMID- 15382850
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20041005
LR  - 20190714
IS  - 0013-936X (Print)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 16
DP  - 2004 Aug 15
TI  - Effect of surface tarp on emissions and distribution of drip-applied fumigants.
PG  - 4254-62
AB  - Soil fumigants are used to control a wide variety of soil-borne pests in 
      high-cash-value crops. Application of soil fumigants through drip irrigation 
      systems is receiving increasing attention as a method to improve the uniformity 
      of fumigant application. Little information is available on the emissions and 
      soil distribution of fumigants following subsurface drip application, or the 
      effect of plastic tarp on fumigant emissions in these systems. In these 
      experiments, the fumigant compounds 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), Vapam (a methyl 
      isothiocyanate (MITC) precursor), and propargyl bromide (PrBr) were applied to 
      soil beds via drip irrigation at 15 cm depth. Beds were tarped with either 
      standard 1-mil high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or a virtually impermeable film 
      (VIF), leaving the furrows bare. Cumulative emissions of 1,3-D, MITC, and PrBr in 
      these tarped bedded systems was very low, amounting to <10% of the applied mass. 
      These experiments were conducted in the winter months, with average air 
      temperatures of 12-15 degrees C. Cumulative emissions of MITC and 1,3-D from a 
      sandy loam field soil were decreased by > or =80% by tarping the bed with VIF 
      rather than HDPE. A large fraction of the 1,3-D and PrBr flux was from the 
      untarped furrows in VIF-tarped plots, indicating that inhibiting volatilization 
      from the furrow will be important in further reducing emissions in these systems. 
      Monitoring the fumigant distribution in soil indicated that tarping the bed with 
      VIF resulted in a more effective containment of fumigant vapors compared to use 
      of a HDPE tarp.
FAU - Papiernik, Sharon K
AU  - Papiernik SK
AD  - George E. Brown Jr Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Riverside, California 92507, 
      USA. papiernik@morris.ars.usda.gov
FAU - Yates, Scott R
AU  - Yates SR
FAU - Dungan, Robert S
AU  - Dungan RS
FAU - Lesch, Scott M
AU  - Lesch SM
FAU - Zheng, Wei
AU  - Zheng W
FAU - Guo, Mingxin
AU  - Guo M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Allyl Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Insecticides)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - 0 (Thiocarbamates)
RN  - 144-54-7 (methyldithiocarbamate)
RN  - 9H780918D0 (1,3-dichloro-1-propene)
RN  - 9MV14S8G3E (Pargyline)
RN  - F3H7ZXK9ZU (propargyl bromide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Movements
MH  - Air Pollution/prevention & control
MH  - Allyl Compounds/*analysis/*chemistry
MH  - Fumigation
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
MH  - Insecticides/*analysis/*chemistry
MH  - Pargyline/*analogs & derivatives/*analysis/*chemistry
MH  - Pest Control
MH  - Pesticides/*analysis/*chemistry
MH  - Plastics
MH  - Soil
MH  - Thiocarbamates/*analysis/*chemistry
MH  - Volatilization
EDAT- 2004/09/24 05:00
MHDA- 2004/10/06 09:00
CRDT- 2004/09/24 05:00
PHST- 2004/09/24 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/10/06 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/09/24 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/es035423q [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Aug 15;38(16):4254-62. doi: 10.1021/es035423q.