PMID- 15454684
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050705
LR  - 20190513
IS  - 1084-2020 (Print)
IS  - 1084-2020 (Linking)
VI  - 45
IP  - 4
DP  - 2004
TI  - Estrogen receptor knockout mice as a model for endocrine research.
PG  - 455-61
AB  - The biological effects of estrogen in mammalian target tissues are important for 
      multiple organ systems including the male and female reproductive tract and the 
      neuroendocrine, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems. Numerous physiological 
      effects of estradiol are modulated by the estrogen receptor (ER), a Class I 
      member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. However, more recent studies have 
      also implicated nongenomic effects of estrogen, which may involve a 
      membrane-binding site. The two forms of the ER are the classical estrogen 
      receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and the more recently discovered estrogen receptor-beta 
      (ERbeta). Gene-targeting techniques were used to generate mice lacking either 
      functional ERalpha (alphaERKO), ERbeta (betaERKO), or both ERs (alphabetaERKO) to 
      provide a model for evaluating estrogen receptor action. These knockout models 
      provide a unique tool to study the effects of estrogen in the context of the 
      whole animal and to discern the role of each ER in various tissues. The 
      reproductive phenotypes as well as some of the nonreproductive phenotypes of the 
      different ERKO models are summarized.
FAU - Walker, Vickie R
AU  - Walker VR
AD  - Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of 
      Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle 
      Park, NC, USA.
FAU - Korach, Kenneth S
AU  - Korach KS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - ILAR J
JT  - ILAR journal
JID - 9516416
RN  - 0 (Hormone Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Estrogen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Endocrine Glands/*drug effects/pathology/physiopathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Hormone Antagonists/*toxicity
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - *Mice, Knockout
MH  - *Models, Animal
MH  - *Receptors, Estrogen/deficiency/genetics
EDAT- 2004/09/30 05:00
MHDA- 2005/07/06 09:00
CRDT- 2004/09/30 05:00
PHST- 2004/09/30 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/07/06 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/09/30 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1093/ilar.45.4.455 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - ILAR J. 2004;45(4):455-61. doi: 10.1093/ilar.45.4.455.