PMID- 15466957
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050408
LR  - 20190911
IS  - 0731-5724 (Print)
IS  - 0731-5724 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 5
DP  - 2004 Oct
TI  - The case for a subcutaneous magnesium product and delivery device for space 
      missions.
PG  - 525S-528S
AB  - Cardiovascular (CV) complications, associated with space flight (SF), are caused 
      by microgravity, hypokinesia and radiation, particularly beyond earth orbit, with 
      all three conducive to oxidative stress. Except for emergencies, pharmaceuticals 
      appear to be contraindicated, because of unpredictable side effects from 
      malabsorption (M) and potential hepatic and renal impairment. Magnesium (Mg) 
      depletion and elevations of cytokines (interleukin 6) occur during SF, conducive 
      to self-sustaining vascular inflammation mechanisms. There are potential 
      endothelial injuries (EI) and reduced Cyclic GMP (a second messenger of nitric 
      oxide: NO) and elevated urinary excretion of C-peptide (insulin resistance: IR). 
      Recent findings that show reductions in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 
      suggest that this may result from SF-related thrombocytopenia since platelets (P) 
      are the major source of VEGF, and that NO might play a role. Both VEGF and Mg are 
      vital for angiogenesis, endothelial function and reendothelialization. Insulin is 
      necessary for VEGF expression. To prevent SF-related CV complications in the 
      presence of IR and M and with the potential for renal insufficiency, closely 
      monitored subcutaneous (SC) Mg should be provided. The dosage can be monitored by 
      sublingual intracellular Mg assays. Needed is development of a SC Mg reservoir 
      device, which can be replenished before extra-vehicular activities (EVA) and 
      which must be reliable despite vigorous movements during EVA, that can last up to 
      8 hours. This could also be protective against decompression sickness and 
      EVA-related 100% oxygen requirements before and during this activity, both of 
      which predispost to EI.
FAU - Rowe, William J
AU  - Rowe WJ
AD  - rowerun@aol.com
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - J Am Coll Nutr
JT  - Journal of the American College of Nutrition
JID - 8215879
RN  - 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A)
RN  - I38ZP9992A (Magnesium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/*etiology/prevention & control
MH  - Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypokinesia/physiopathology
MH  - Injections, Subcutaneous
MH  - Intestinal Absorption
MH  - Magnesium/administration & dosage/*metabolism
MH  - Magnesium Deficiency/*complications/prevention & control
MH  - *Space Flight
MH  - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
RF  - 23
EDAT- 2004/10/07 09:00
MHDA- 2005/04/09 09:00
CRDT- 2004/10/07 09:00
PHST- 2004/10/07 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/04/09 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/10/07 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 23/5/525S [pii]
AID - 10.1080/07315724.2004.10719395 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Oct;23(5):525S-528S. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2004.10719395.