PMID- 15491653
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050215
LR  - 20061115
IS  - 0043-1354 (Print)
IS  - 0043-1354 (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 19
DP  - 2004 Nov
TI  - Photodegradation of CL-20: insights into the mechanisms of initial reactions and 
      environmental fate.
PG  - 4055-64
AB  - Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) or CL-20 is a caged structure polycyclic 
      nitramine that may replace RDX and HMX as a common use energetic chemical. To 
      provide insight into the environmental fate of CL-20 we photolyzed the chemical 
      in a Rayonet photoreactor (254-350 nm) and with sunlight in aqueous solutions. 
      Previously, we found that initial photodenitration of the monocyclic nitramine 
      RDX leads to ring cleavage and decomposition. Presently, we found that photolysis 
      of the rigid molecule CL-20 produced NO2-, NO3-, NH3, HCOOH, N2 and N2O. Using 
      LC/MS (ES-) we detected several key intermediates carrying important information 
      on the initial steps involved in the degradation of CL-20. The identities of the 
      intermediates were confirmed using a uniformly ring labeled 15N-[CL-20]. When 
      CL-20 was photolyzed in the presence of H2(18)O, D2O or 18O2 we obtained a 
      product distribution suggesting that the energetic chemical degraded via at least 
      two initial routes; one involved sequential homolysis of N-NO2 bond(s) and 
      another involved photorearrangement prior to hydrolytic ring cleavage and 
      decomposition in water.
FAU - Hawari, Jalal
AU  - Hawari J
AD  - Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 
      Royalmount Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4P 2R2. jalal.hawari@cnrc-nrc.gc.ca
FAU - Deschamps, Stephane
AU  - Deschamps S
FAU - Beaulieu, Chantale
AU  - Beaulieu C
FAU - Paquet, Louise
AU  - Paquet L
FAU - Halasz, Annamaria
AU  - Halasz A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - England
TA  - Water Res
JT  - Water research
JID - 0105072
RN  - 0 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaaza-isowurtzitane)
RN  - 0 (Aza Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Heterocyclic Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aza Compounds/*chemistry
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Heterocyclic Compounds/*chemistry
MH  - Hydrolysis
MH  - Photochemistry
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
EDAT- 2004/10/20 09:00
MHDA- 2005/02/16 09:00
CRDT- 2004/10/20 09:00
PHST- 2003/11/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2004/05/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2004/06/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2004/10/20 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/02/16 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/10/20 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0043-1354(04)00365-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.watres.2004.06.032 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Water Res. 2004 Nov;38(19):4055-64. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.06.032.