PMID- 15499492
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20041116
LR  - 20081121
IS  - 0090-4341 (Print)
IS  - 0090-4341 (Linking)
VI  - 47
IP  - 4
DP  - 2004 Nov
TI  - Polar organic chemical integrative sampling and liquid 
      chromatography-electrospray/ion-trap mass spectrometry for assessing selected 
      prescription and illicit drugs in treated sewage effluents.
PG  - 427-39
AB  - The purpose of the research presented in this paper was twofold: (1) to 
      demonstrate the coupling of two state-of-the-art techniques: a time-weighted 
      polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) and microliquid 
      chromatography-electrospray/ion-trap mass spectrometry and (2) to assess the 
      ability of these methodologies to detect six drugs (azithromycin, fluoxetine, 
      omeprazole, levothyroxine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) 
      in a real-world environment, e.g., waste water effluent. In the effluent from 
      three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), azithromycin was detected at 
      concentrations ranging from 15 to 66 ng/L, which is equivalent to a total annual 
      release of 1 to 4 kg into receiving waters. Detected and confirmed in the 
      effluent from two WWTPs were two illicit drugs, methamphetamine and MDMA, at 2 
      and 0.5 ng/L, respectively. Although the ecotoxicologic significance of drugs in 
      environmental matrices, particularly water, has not been closely examined, it can 
      only be surmised that these substances have the potential to adversely affect 
      biota that are continuously exposed to them even at very low levels. The 
      potential for chronic effects on human health is also unknown but of increasing 
      concern because of the multiuse character of water, particularly in densely 
      populated, arid areas.
FAU - Jones-Lepp, T L
AU  - Jones-Lepp TL
AD  - Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, United 
      States Environmental Protection Agency, 944 E. Harmon,, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119, 
      USA. jones-lepp.tammy@epa.gov
FAU - Alvarez, D A
AU  - Alvarez DA
FAU - Petty, J D
AU  - Petty JD
FAU - Huckins, J N
AU  - Huckins JN
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Arch Environ Contam Toxicol
JT  - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
JID - 0357245
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, Liquid
MH  - *Drug Prescriptions
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Sewage/*chemistry
MH  - Waste Disposal, Fluid
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
EDAT- 2004/10/23 09:00
MHDA- 2004/11/17 09:00
CRDT- 2004/10/23 09:00
PHST- 2004/10/23 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/11/17 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/10/23 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00244-004-3146-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2004 Nov;47(4):427-39. doi: 
      10.1007/s00244-004-3146-6.