PMID- 15507313
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20041229
LR  - 20240328
IS  - 0165-2427 (Print)
IS  - 1873-2534 (Electronic)
IS  - 0165-2427 (Linking)
VI  - 102
IP  - 3
DP  - 2004 Dec 8
TI  - Cytokines and synthetic double-stranded RNA augment the T helper 1 immune 
      response of swine to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.
PG  - 299-314
AB  - Immunization of pigs with a modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory 
      syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine initially elicits a weak interferon (IFN)-gamma 
      response. To improve the immune response, an adjuvant consisting of plasmid 
      encoding either porcine interleukin (IL)-12 or IFN-alpha was co-administered 
      during vaccination. In the presence of either adjuvant, at least a three-fold 
      increase in the primary virus-specific IFN-gamma response was observed. While 
      this enhancement was only transient (1 week) when the IL-12 expressing plasmid 
      was used, the effect was not only still apparent at 6 weeks after vaccination in 
      the presence of the IFN-alpha expressing plasmid but even after challenge with a 
      virulent genetically divergent PRRSV. In contrast, no effect of either adjuvant 
      on the production of anti-virus antibodies was noticed throughout the study. 
      Despite the apparent augmentation of a T helper (Th) 1 type response by the 
      inclusion of IFN-alpha or IL-12 during vaccination, this modulation did not 
      necessarily correlate with a reduction in viremia. Since a similar increase in 
      the degree of the IFN-gamma response to the PRRSV vaccine could be achieved by 
      substituting polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid in lieu of either cytokine, exposure 
      to PRRSV in the presence of a variety of Th 1 polarizing molecules can positively 
      influence the development of the cell-mediated immune response of swine to this 
      pathogen. Conceivably, such intervention could be applied to improve the 
      formulation of anti-PRRSV vaccines.
FAU - Meier, William A
AU  - Meier WA
AD  - Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University 
      of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
FAU - Husmann, Robert J
AU  - Husmann RJ
FAU - Schnitzlein, William M
AU  - Schnitzlein WM
FAU - Osorio, Fernando A
AU  - Osorio FA
FAU - Lunney, Joan K
AU  - Lunney JK
FAU - Zuckermann, Federico A
AU  - Zuckermann FA
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vet Immunol Immunopathol
JT  - Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
JID - 8002006
RN  - 0 (Interferon-alpha)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Double-Stranded)
RN  - 0 (Viral Vaccines)
RN  - 187348-17-0 (Interleukin-12)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Interferon-alpha/*immunology
MH  - Interleukin-12/*immunology
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/immunology/virology
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*immunology
MH  - RNA, Double-Stranded/*immunology
MH  - Swine/*immunology
MH  - Th1 Cells/*immunology
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Viral Vaccines/immunology
PMC - PMC7112576
EDAT- 2004/10/28 09:00
MHDA- 2004/12/30 09:00
PMCR- 2004/10/18
CRDT- 2004/10/28 09:00
PHST- 2004/10/28 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/12/30 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/10/28 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2004/10/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0165-2427(04)00263-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2004 Dec 8;102(3):299-314. doi: 
      10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.012.