PMID- 15567090
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050307
LR  - 20041129
IS  - 1386-6532 (Print)
IS  - 1386-6532 (Linking)
VI  - 31 Suppl 1
DP  - 2004 Dec
TI  - Antigenic complementarity among AIDS-associated infectious agents and molecular 
      mimicry of lymphocyte proteins as inducers of lymphocytotoxic antibodies and 
      circulating immune complexes.
PG  - S16-25
AB  - BACKGROUND: People at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have 
      high rates of cofactor infections in addition to HIV, including cytomegalovirus, 
      hepatitis viruses, Mycobacteria, Mycoplasmas, and Staphylococcus aureus. Most 
      people with AIDS also develop lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCTA) and circulating 
      immune complexes (CIC). While HIV proteins mimic HLA antigens, many cofactor 
      agents mimic CD4 antigens. It has therefore been proposed that cofactor 
      infections may interact with HIV by producing complementary antigens that induce 
      LCTA and CIC, and that the resulting immunological dysfunction is part of AIDS 
      pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES: To test (1) whether HIV and its cofactor infections 
      elicit complementary (idiotype-anti-idiotype) antibodies, and (2) if any of these 
      antibodies mimic anti-lymphocyte antibodies. STUDY DESIGN: Two immunological 
      methods are employed to test for antibody complementarity: (1) double antibody 
      diffusion, a modification of Ouchterlony immunodiffusion, in which antibodies are 
      tested for their ability to precipitate each other; (2) double-antibody ELISA, in 
      which an antibody against one infectious agent is adsorbed to an ELISA plate and 
      an antibody against a second agent is used to detect the first. RESULTS: Data on 
      over a thousand double antibody diffusion (DAD) and about 70 DA-ELISA experiments 
      are reported. These show that only specific pairs of antibodies are 
      complementary: HIV-CMV; HIV-HBV; HIV-tuberculosis; HIV-mycoplasmas; HIV-S. 
      aureus; and CMV-mycoplasmas. In addition, HIV antibodies precipitate CD4 
      antibodies; CMV antibodies precipitate HLA-DR antibodies; while mycobacteria and 
      mycoplasma antibodies precipitate macrophage antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Antibodies 
      elicited by HIV infection can interact with antibodies elicited by cofactor 
      infections to form CIC, and some of these antibodies mimic lymphocyte antibodies 
      so that they may function as LCTA. Since LCTA and CIC are associated with 
      increased lymphocyte death in AIDS, the immune response against cofactors in HIV 
      may play a significant role in AIDS pathogenesis. The fact that both HIV and 
      cofactors elicit antibodies with LCTA characteristics may pose problems for 
      vaccine development.
FAU - Root-Bernstein, Robert S
AU  - Root-Bernstein RS
AD  - Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2174 Biomedical and Physical 
      Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. rootbern@msu.edu
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Clin Virol
JT  - Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American 
      Society for Clinical Virology
JID - 9815671
RN  - 0 (Antigen-Antibody Complex)
RN  - 0 (Antilymphocyte Serum)
SB  - IM
MH  - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*immunology/microbiology
MH  - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*immunology
MH  - Antibody Specificity/immunology
MH  - Antigen-Antibody Complex/*immunology
MH  - Antilymphocyte Serum/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lymphocytes/*immunology
MH  - *Molecular Mimicry
EDAT- 2004/11/30 09:00
MHDA- 2005/03/08 09:00
CRDT- 2004/11/30 09:00
PHST- 2004/11/30 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/03/08 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/11/30 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S1386-6532(04)00230-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.09.009 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Virol. 2004 Dec;31 Suppl 1:S16-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.09.009.