PMID- 15567993
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050601
LR  - 20171116
IS  - 1234-1010 (Print)
IS  - 1234-1010 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 12
DP  - 2004 Dec
TI  - Neural redox stress and remodeling in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus, and diabetic neuropathy.
PG  - RA291-307
AB  - Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes and may 
      frequently be the presenting symptom in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 
      Metabolic syndrome and T2DM are associated with multiple metabolic toxicities. 
      These substrate toxicities support the formation of reactive oxygen species 
      (ROS), which are so damaging to cells, tissues and organs and play an important 
      role in the development of multiple diabetic complications. The importance of 
      redox stress (ROS) and their effect on the neuronal unit are discussed. There are 
      at least 5 major pathways involved in the development of DPN: metabolic, 
      vascular, immunologic-autoimmune, neurohormonal growth factor deficiency, and 
      extracellular matrix neuronal unit remodeling. Each of these five pathways are 
      reviewed and related to neural redox stress and the role of ROS. The 
      identification of the toxic substrates (A-FLIGHT acronym), earlier diagnosis of 
      T2DM at the stage of impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose, and 
      aggressive global risk reduction with the use of a simple RAAS acronym will 
      assist the clinician in slowing the natural progressive history, and possibly 
      preventing the complications associated with DPN. The pain, foot ulceration, limb 
      loss, organ dysfunction, and the associated morbidity and financial burden all 
      contribute to the need for a better understanding of DPN and the role of redox 
      stress and global risk reduction.
FAU - Hayden, Melvin R
AU  - Hayden MR
AD  - Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 
      65020, USA. mrh29@usmo.com
FAU - Tyagi, Suresh C
AU  - Tyagi SC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Med Sci Monit
JT  - Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and 
      clinical research
JID - 9609063
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
SB  - IM
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*metabolism
MH  - Diabetic Neuropathies/*metabolism
MH  - Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Metabolic Syndrome/*metabolism
MH  - Neurons/metabolism
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - *Oxidative Stress
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
RF  - 184
EDAT- 2004/11/30 09:00
MHDA- 2005/06/02 09:00
CRDT- 2004/11/30 09:00
PHST- 2004/03/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2004/06/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2004/11/30 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/06/02 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/11/30 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 5379 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Med Sci Monit. 2004 Dec;10(12):RA291-307.