PMID- 15572163
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050315
LR  - 20070226
VI  - 47
IP  - 1-3
DP  - 2004 Dec
TI  - Electrophysiology and plasticity in isolated postsynaptic densities.
PG  - 54-70
AB  - The organization and regulation of excitatory synapses in the mammalian CNS 
      entails complex molecular and cellular processes. In the postsynaptic membrane, 
      scaffolding proteins bring together glutamate receptors with multiple regulatory 
      proteins involved in signal transduction. This gives rise to an elaborate 
      postsynaptic structure known as the postsynaptic density (PSD). This protein 
      network plays a critical role in the regulation of glutamate receptor function 
      and thus in synaptic plasticity. To study this regulation, we have developed a 
      system in which ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) can be recorded, in the 
      steady state, by the patch clamp technique in isolated PSDs incorporated into 
      giant liposomes. In this preparation, ionotropic glutamate receptors maintain 
      their characteristic physiological and pharmacological properties. The recordings 
      reflect the presence of channel clusters, as multiple conductance and 
      subconductance states are observed. Each of the receptor subtypes is activated by 
      a specific set of kinases that are activated differentially by Ca(2+): the 
      "kainate receptor kinases" are active even in the presence of EGTA, i.e. they are 
      not calcium-dependent; the "N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) channel 
      kinases" are active in the presence of submicromolar calcium concentrations, 
      whereas the "alpha-amino-3- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) 
      receptor kinases" need microM calcium for activation. The NMDA receptor showed 
      its characteristic voltage-dependent Mg(2+) blockade, and activation by 
      phosphorylation was in part a consequence of a relief of Mg(2+) blockade. These 
      results allow us to propose a model in which phosphorylation of NMDA receptors 
      can contribute to a long-lasting and self-maintained change in synaptic function. 
      The experimental approach we present will allow us to test the functional 
      consequence of activation of the multiple signal transduction pathways thought to 
      regulate excitatory neurotransmission in the adult CNS.
FAU - Wyneken, Ursula
AU  - Wyneken U
AD  - Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, San 
      Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago 6782468, Chile. uwyneken@uandes.cl
FAU - Marengo, Juan Jose
AU  - Marengo JJ
FAU - Orrego, Fernando
AU  - Orrego F
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Brain Res Brain Res Rev
JT  - Brain research. Brain research reviews
JID - 8908638
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Glutamate)
RN  - EC 2.7.- (Phosphotransferases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Central Nervous System/*physiology/ultrastructure
MH  - Humans
MH  - Models, Neurological
MH  - Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Patch-Clamp Techniques/methods
MH  - Phosphorylation/drug effects
MH  - Phosphotransferases/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Glutamate/*metabolism
MH  - Synaptic Membranes/drug effects/*metabolism/ultrastructure
MH  - Synaptic Transmission/drug effects/*physiology
RF  - 152
EDAT- 2004/12/02 09:00
MHDA- 2005/03/16 09:00
CRDT- 2004/12/02 09:00
PHST- 2004/06/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2004/12/02 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/03/16 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/12/02 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0165017304000797 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.06.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2004 Dec;47(1-3):54-70. doi: 
      10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.06.005.