PMID- 15574945
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050215
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0099-2240 (Print)
IS  - 1098-5336 (Electronic)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Linking)
VI  - 70
IP  - 12
DP  - 2004 Dec
TI  - Shear rate moderates community diversity in freshwater biofilms.
PG  - 7426-35
AB  - The development of freshwater multispecies biofilms at solid-liquid interfaces 
      occurs both in quiescent waters and under conditions of high shear rates. 
      However, the influence of hydrodynamic shear rates on bacterial biofilm diversity 
      is poorly understood. We hypothesized that different shear rates would 
      significantly influence biofilm diversity and alter the relative proportions of 
      coaggregating and autoaggregating community isolates. In order to study this 
      hypothesis, freshwater biofilms were developed at five shear rates (<0.1 to 305 
      S(-1)) in a rotating concentric cylinder reactor fed with untreated potable 
      water. Eubacterial diversity was assessed by denaturing gradient gel 
      electrophoresis (DGGE) and culturing on R2A agar. Fifty morphologically distinct 
      biofilm strains and 16 planktonic strains were isolated by culturing and 
      identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and their relatedness was 
      determined by the construction of a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 
      Phylogenetic and DGGE analyses showed an inverse relationship between shear rate 
      and bacterial diversity. An in vitro aggregation assay was used to assess the 
      relative proportions of coaggregating and autoaggregating species from each 
      biofilm. The highest proportion of autoaggregating bacteria was present at high 
      shear rates (198 to 305 S(-1)). The intermediate shear rate (122 S(-1)) selected 
      for the highest proportion of coaggregating bacteria (47%, or 17 of a possible 36 
      coaggregation interactions). Under static conditions (<0.1 S(-1)), 41 (33%) of a 
      possible 125 coaggregation interactions were positive. Few coaggregation (3.3%) 
      or autoaggregation (25%) interactions occurred between the 16 planktonic strains. 
      In conclusion, these data show that shear rates affect biofilm diversity as well 
      as the relative proportions of aggregating bacteria.
FAU - Rickard, Alexander H
AU  - Rickard AH
AD  - School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, 
      Manchester, United Kingdom. arickard@mail.nih.gov
FAU - McBain, Andrew J
AU  - McBain AJ
FAU - Stead, Amy T
AU  - Stead AT
FAU - Gilbert, Peter
AU  - Gilbert P
LA  - eng
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PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Appl Environ Microbiol
JT  - Applied and environmental microbiology
JID - 7605801
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacteria/*classification/genetics/growth & development
MH  - Bacterial Adhesion
MH  - Biofilms/*growth & development
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/analysis
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
MH  - *Ecosystem
MH  - Electrophoresis/methods
MH  - Fresh Water/*microbiology
MH  - *Genetic Variation
MH  - Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Plankton/genetics/growth & development
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - *Shear Strength
PMC - PMC535146
EDAT- 2004/12/03 09:00
MHDA- 2005/02/16 09:00
PMCR- 2005/04/01
CRDT- 2004/12/03 09:00
PHST- 2004/12/03 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/02/16 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/12/03 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2005/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 70/12/7426 [pii]
AID - 0479-04 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/AEM.70.12.7426-7435.2004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Dec;70(12):7426-35. doi: 
      10.1128/AEM.70.12.7426-7435.2004.