PMID- 15626410
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050318
LR  - 20051116
IS  - 0093-691X (Print)
IS  - 0093-691X (Linking)
VI  - 63
IP  - 2
DP  - 2005 Jan 15
TI  - Flow cytometric evaluation of sperm parameters in relation to fertility 
      potential.
PG  - 445-57
AB  - Most laboratory methods used to evaluate semen quality have not correlated highly 
      with fertilizing capacity. The discovery of a variety of fluorochromes and 
      compounds conjugated to fluorescent probes has enabled a more widespread analysis 
      of sperm attributes, and in conjunction with the flow cytometer, permit the 
      evaluation of a large number of spermatozoa. A number of characteristics of sperm 
      integrity, viability and function can be assessed by flow cytometry. The DNA 
      status of spermatozoa has been determined using the metachromatic properties of 
      acridine orange (AO). AO staining, when used in the sperm chromatin structure 
      assay (SCSA), correlates with fertility in a number of species. DNA fragmentation 
      can also be assessed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 
      dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, which identifies DNA strand breaks by 
      labeling free 3'-OH termini with modified nucleotides. The status of the sperm 
      acrosome can be determined using fluorescently labeled lectins and LysoTracker 
      Green DND-26, a fluorescent acidotropic probe. Capacitation status has been 
      observed through calcium-mediated changes using chlortetracycline (CTC) or by 
      changes in membrane fluidity monitored by the binding of the fluorescent 
      amphiphilic probe, Merocyanine 540. Fluorescently labeled annexin-V, C6NBD and 
      Ro-09-0198 can also be used to detect changes in membrane phospholipid 
      distribution. Cell viability can be determined using the propensity of propidium 
      iodide (PI), ethidium homodimer-1 (EthD-1) or Yo-Pro-1 to permeate damaged 
      membranes. These are generally more adaptable to clinical flow cytometry than the 
      bisbenzimide membrane impermeable stain, Hoechst 33258, which excites in the 
      ultraviolet range and requires UV laser equipment. Mitochondrial function can be 
      determined using rhodamine 123 (R123) and MitoTracker Green FM (MITO) and 
      5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide 
      (JC-1). Flow cytometry is a tool that may be used in the future to monitor many 
      new potential markers of sperm function.
FAU - Gillan, Lindsay
AU  - Gillan L
AD  - RMC Gunn Building (B19), The Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, 
      Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
FAU - Evans, Gareth
AU  - Evans G
FAU - Maxwell, W M C
AU  - Maxwell WM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Theriogenology
JT  - Theriogenology
JID - 0421510
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acrosome
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Membrane
MH  - Cell Survival
MH  - DNA/analysis
MH  - *Fertility
MH  - Flow Cytometry/*veterinary
MH  - Male
MH  - Mitochondria
MH  - Spermatozoa/chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure
MH  - *Swine
RF  - 68
EDAT- 2005/01/01 09:00
MHDA- 2005/03/19 09:00
CRDT- 2005/01/01 09:00
PHST- 2005/01/01 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/03/19 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/01/01 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0093-691X(04)00313-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.09.024 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Theriogenology. 2005 Jan 15;63(2):445-57. doi: 
      10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.09.024.