PMID- 15641625
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050126
LR  - 20190212
IS  - 1602-1622 (Print)
IS  - 1602-1622 (Linking)
VI  - 2
IP  - 3
DP  - 2004
TI  - Morphological evaluation of enamel surface after application of two 'home' 
      whitening products.
PG  - 221-9
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on enamel 
      surface morphology of two commercially available bleaching products (AZ 
      Whitestrips 6% hydrogen peroxide - Procter & Gamble; Platinum TWS 10% carbamide - 
      Colgate Oral Pharmaceuticals) and their ability to prevent enamel 
      demineralization in the presence of cariogenic solution, with or without saliva. 
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty sound teeth were used to obtain 90 enamel fragments. 
      Lactic acid (pH = 4.4) was used as a demineralizing cariogenic solution. The 
      specimens were randomized into eight groups: Group A: product A + cariogenic 
      solution; Group B: product B + cariogenic solution; Group C: cariogenic solution; 
      Group D: (control group) stored in deionized water; Group E: product A + 
      deionized water; Group F: product B + deionized water; Group G: product A + 
      saliva; Group H: product B + saliva. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis 
      was performed to detect the type of lesions induced by the treatments. A score 
      rating system was used to perform a non-parametric statistical analysis. RESULTS: 
      Our study confirms that enamel alterations (i.e. removal of intraprismatic core 
      and presence of deep porosities and pits) occur as a result of the application of 
      a cariogenic solution (lactic acid). The enamel surface presented a honeycomb 
      surface only in untreated samples previously stored in lactic acid solution. 
      Conversely, both products were able to prevent enamel alterations caused by 
      exposure to lactic acid. Saliva treatment reduced the degree of enamel lesions of 
      both treated and untreated groups. Treatment with product A achieved better 
      preservation of enamel integrity. CONCLUSION: Whitening treatment conducted with 
      two 'home' bleaching agents had no adverse effects on enamel surface morphology. 
      Several morphological aspects suggest that the tested products may even prevent 
      demineralization of the enamel surface after exposure to lactic acid.
FAU - Nucci, Cesare
AU  - Nucci C
AD  - Department of Dental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 
      Bologna, Italy. cesare.nucci@fastwebnet.it
FAU - Marchionni, Silvia
AU  - Marchionni S
FAU - Piana, Gabriela
AU  - Piana G
FAU - Mazzoni, Annalisa
AU  - Mazzoni A
FAU - Prati, Carlo
AU  - Prati C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Germany
TA  - Oral Health Prev Dent
JT  - Oral health & preventive dentistry
JID - 101167768
RN  - 0 (Cariogenic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Drug Combinations)
RN  - 0 (Oxidants)
RN  - 0 (Peroxides)
RN  - 31PZ2VAU81 (Carbamide Peroxide)
RN  - 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid)
RN  - 8W8T17847W (Urea)
RN  - BBX060AN9V (Hydrogen Peroxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carbamide Peroxide
MH  - Cariogenic Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Dental Enamel/*drug effects
MH  - Drug Combinations
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
MH  - Lactic Acid/pharmacology
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
MH  - Molar
MH  - Oxidants/*pharmacology
MH  - Peroxides/*pharmacology
MH  - Porosity
MH  - Statistics, Nonparametric
MH  - Surface Properties/drug effects
MH  - *Tooth Bleaching
MH  - Tooth Demineralization/chemically induced/*prevention & control
MH  - Urea/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
EDAT- 2005/01/12 09:00
MHDA- 2005/01/27 09:00
CRDT- 2005/01/12 09:00
PHST- 2005/01/12 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/01/27 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/01/12 09:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Oral Health Prev Dent. 2004;2(3):221-9.