PMID- 15704061
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050616
LR  - 20191109
IS  - 1071-9164 (Print)
IS  - 1071-9164 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 1
DP  - 2005 Feb
TI  - Depression in patients with heart failure.
PG  - 30-5
AB  - BACKGROUND: Psychologic comorbidities, particularly depression, often accompany 
      heart failure and add to the complexity of clinical management. We conducted a 
      study to describe the prevalence of depression, the differences between patients 
      with minimal versus mild to severe depression, and the correlates of depression 
      in patients with heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were collected from 200 
      patients with symptoms of heart failure resulting from systolic dysfunction. 
      Psychologic assessment included depression, perceived control, neuroticism, 
      educational needs, and social support/network. Patients were, on average, 57.0 
      (+/-12.1) years old, male (168, 84.0%), and in New York Heart Association (NYHA) 
      class II or III (n=140, 70.0%) with a mean ejection fraction of 25.5+/-6.4%. They 
      had an average maximal oxygen uptake of 15.8 (+/-4.6) mL x kg x min and 6-minute 
      walk distance of 1345.0 (+/-302.1) feet. Minimal depression was described by 105 
      (52.5%) patients, mild by 62 (31%), moderate by 30 (15%), and severe by 3 (1.5%). 
      The significant differences between patients with minimal depression compared to 
      mild to severe depression were NYHA class (chi2=14.05, P=.003), maximal oxygen 
      uptake (t=2.62, P=.010), 6-minute walk distance (t=4.22, P < .001), beta-blocker 
      therapy (chi2=15.21, P < .001), perceived control (t=7.93, P < .001), and 
      neuroticism (t=-8.85, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: More than half the patients studied 
      did not report experiencing significant depression. In those who did, both 
      physical and psychosocial variables accounted for 48.6% of the variance. These 
      findings warrant further research and indicate a need to test interventions aimed 
      at enhancing perceived control, reducing neuroticism, and meeting educational 
      needs to reduce depression in patients with heart failure.
FAU - Westlake, Cheryl
AU  - Westlake C
AD  - California State University, Fullerton, California, USA.
FAU - Dracup, Kathleen
AU  - Dracup K
FAU - Fonarow, Gregg
AU  - Fonarow G
FAU - Hamilton, Michele
AU  - Hamilton M
LA  - eng
GR  - T32 NR07072/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - J Card Fail
JT  - Journal of cardiac failure
JID - 9442138
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Comorbidity
MH  - Depression/epidemiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Health Status
MH  - Heart Failure/*epidemiology/physiopathology/psychology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Linear Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Oxygen Consumption
MH  - Prevalence
EDAT- 2005/02/11 09:00
MHDA- 2005/06/17 09:00
CRDT- 2005/02/11 09:00
PHST- 2005/02/11 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/06/17 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/02/11 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S1071916404000958 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.cardfail.2004.03.007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Card Fail. 2005 Feb;11(1):30-5. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2004.03.007.