PMID- 15705424 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060131 LR - 20201212 IS - 0065-2776 (Print) IS - 0065-2776 (Linking) VI - 86 DP - 2005 TI - Regulation of antigen presentation and cross-presentation in the dendritic cell network: facts, hypothesis, and immunological implications. PG - 241-305 AB - Dendritic cells (DCs) are central to the maintenance of immunological tolerance and the initiation and control of immunity. The antigen-presenting properties of DCs enable them to present a sample of self and foreign proteins, contained within an organism at any given time, to the T-cell repertoire. DCs achieve this communication with T cells by displaying antigenic peptides bound to MHC I and MHC II molecules. Here we review the studies carried out over the past 15 years to characterize these antigen presentation mechanisms, emphasizing their significance in relation to DC function in vivo. The life cycles of different DC populations found in vivo are described. Furthermore, we provide a critical assessment of the studies that examine the mechanisms controlling DC MHC class II antigen presentation, which have often reached contradictory conclusions. Finally, we review findings pertaining to the biological mechanisms that enable DCs to present exogenous antigens on their MHC class I molecules, a process known as cross-presentation. Throughout, we highlight what we consider to be major knowledge gaps in the field and speculate on possible directions for future research. FAU - Wilson, Nicholas S AU - Wilson NS AD - Immunology Division and The Cooperative Research Center for Vaccine Technology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia. FAU - Villadangos, Jose A AU - Villadangos JA LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - United States TA - Adv Immunol JT - Advances in immunology JID - 0370425 RN - 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class I) SB - IM MH - Antigen Presentation/*immunology MH - Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology MH - Cross-Priming/*immunology MH - Dendritic Cells/*immunology MH - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Immune Tolerance RF - 500 EDAT- 2005/02/12 09:00 MHDA- 2006/02/01 09:00 CRDT- 2005/02/12 09:00 PHST- 2005/02/12 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/02/01 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/02/12 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0065277604860073 [pii] AID - 10.1016/S0065-2776(04)86007-3 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Adv Immunol. 2005;86:241-305. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2776(04)86007-3.