PMID- 15730864
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050606
LR  - 20161124
IS  - 0306-4522 (Print)
IS  - 0306-4522 (Linking)
VI  - 131
IP  - 3
DP  - 2005
TI  - Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and related transcription 
      factors in differentiating astrocyte cultures.
PG  - 577-87
AB  - Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), retinoid X receptors (RXRs), 
      CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) and beta-catenin are transcription 
      factors involved in cell differentiation. The aim of this work was to investigate 
      the occurrence and variations of these proteins during astrocyte differentiation. 
      Primary cultures of mouse cortical astrocytes were characterized using nestin, 
      A2B5 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as differentiation markers, 
      during a period of 21 days in vitro (DIV). Glycogen and triglyceride accumulation 
      were also studied. At 3 DIV the cultures were mainly constituted by neural 
      progenitor cells, as assessed by their immunofluorescent pattern. At this time 
      PPARs and beta-catenin were localized to the cytoplasm. Interestingly, some cells 
      contained Oil Red O-positive lipid droplets. Between 7 and 21 DIV, nestin 
      decreased, while GFAP increased, indicating ongoing astroglial differentiation. 
      beta-catenin, predominantly nuclear at 7 DIV, later localized to membranes. 
      Redistribution of all three PPAR isotypes from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was 
      observed starting from 7 DIV. Between 7 and 14 DIV, C/EBPalpha, PPARalpha, 
      RXRalpha and glycogen content increased. Between 14 and 21 DIV, PPARbeta/delta 
      decreased, while PPARgamma, C/EBPbeta and delta and lipid droplet-containing 
      cells increased. At 21 DIV both A2B5-/GFAP+ and A2B5+/GFAP+ cells were 
      predominantly observed, indicating differentiation toward type-1 and type-2 
      astrocytes, although the presence of GFAP- cells demonstrates the persistence of 
      neural precursors in the culture even at this time point. In conclusion, our 
      results, reporting modifications of PPARs, RXRs, C/EBPs and beta-catenin during 
      culture time, strongly suggest the involvement of these transcription factors in 
      astrocyte differentiation. Specifically, beta-catenin translocation from the 
      nucleus to plasma membrane, together with PPARbeta/delta decrease and C/EBPalpha 
      increase, could be related to decreased proliferation at confluence, while 
      PPARalpha and gamma and all C/EBPs could participate in differentiation 
      processes, such as glycogenesis and lipidogenesis.
FAU - Cristiano, L
AU  - Cristiano L
AD  - Department of Basic and Applied Biology, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 
      Coppito, L'Aquila, 67010 Italy.
FAU - Cimini, A
AU  - Cimini A
FAU - Moreno, S
AU  - Moreno S
FAU - Ragnelli, A M
AU  - Ragnelli AM
FAU - Paola Ceru, M
AU  - Paola Ceru M
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Neuroscience
JT  - Neuroscience
JID - 7605074
RN  - 0 (Azo Compounds)
RN  - 0 (CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (CTNNB1 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Cytoskeletal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)
RN  - 0 (Intermediate Filament Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Nes protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Nestin)
RN  - 0 (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors)
RN  - 0 (Protein Subunits)
RN  - 0 (Retinoid X Receptors)
RN  - 0 (Trans-Activators)
RN  - 0 (Triglycerides)
RN  - 0 (beta Catenin)
RN  - 9005-79-2 (Glycogen)
RN  - G7S71FND9B (oil red O)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Newborn
MH  - Astrocytes/*metabolism/ultrastructure
MH  - Azo Compounds/metabolism
MH  - Blotting, Western/methods
MH  - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Cell Differentiation/physiology
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Cerebral Cortex/cytology
MH  - Cytoskeletal Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/*physiology
MH  - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
MH  - Glycogen/metabolism
MH  - Intermediate Filament Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Mice
MH  - Microscopy, Immunoelectron/methods
MH  - Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Nestin
MH  - Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/classification/*metabolism
MH  - Protein Subunits/metabolism
MH  - Retinoid X Receptors/*metabolism
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Trans-Activators/*metabolism
MH  - Triglycerides/metabolism
MH  - beta Catenin
EDAT- 2005/02/26 09:00
MHDA- 2005/06/07 09:00
CRDT- 2005/02/26 09:00
PHST- 2004/11/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2005/02/26 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/06/07 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/02/26 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0306-4522(04)01074-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.11.008 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroscience. 2005;131(3):577-87. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.11.008.