PMID- 15749997
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050422
LR  - 20051116
IS  - 0022-1554 (Print)
IS  - 0022-1554 (Linking)
VI  - 53
IP  - 3
DP  - 2005 Mar
TI  - Preimplantation genetic diagnosis--an overview.
PG  - 255-60
AB  - Since the early 1990s, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has been expanding 
      in scope and applications. Selection of female embryos to avoid X-linked disease 
      was carried out first by polymerase chain reaction, then by fluorescence in situ 
      hybridization (FISH), and an ever-increasing number of tests for monogenic 
      diseases have been developed. Couples with chromosome rearrangements such as 
      Robertsonian and reciprocal translocations form a large referral group for most 
      PGD centers and present a special challenge, due to the large number of 
      genetically unbalanced embryos generated by meiotic segregation. Early protocols 
      used blastomeres biopsied from cleavage-stage embryos; testing of first and 
      second polar bodies is now a routine alternative, and blastocyst biopsy can also 
      be used. More recently, the technology has been harnessed to provide PGD-AS, or 
      aneuploidy screening. FISH probes specific for chromosomes commonly found to be 
      aneuploid in early pregnancy loss are used to test blastomeres for aneuploidy, 
      with the aim of replacing euploid embryos and increasing pregnancy rates in 
      groups of women who have poor IVF success rates. More recent application of PGD 
      to areas such as HLA typing and social sex selection have stoked public 
      controversy and concern, while provoking interesting ethical debates and keeping 
      PGD firmly in the public eye.
FAU - Ogilvie, Caroline Mackie
AU  - Ogilvie CM
AD  - Cytogenetics Department, 5th Floor, Guy's Tower, St Thomas St, London SE1 9RT, 
      UK. caroline.ogilvie@genetics.kcl.ac.uk
FAU - Braude, Peter R
AU  - Braude PR
FAU - Scriven, Paul N
AU  - Scriven PN
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - J Histochem Cytochem
JT  - The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the 
      Histochemistry Society
JID - 9815334
SB  - IM
MH  - Female
MH  - Genetic Diseases, Inborn/diagnosis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Preimplantation Diagnosis/ethics/*methods
RF  - 35
EDAT- 2005/03/08 09:00
MHDA- 2005/04/23 09:00
CRDT- 2005/03/08 09:00
PHST- 2005/03/08 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/04/23 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/03/08 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 53/3/255 [pii]
AID - 10.1369/jhc.4B6395.2005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Histochem Cytochem. 2005 Mar;53(3):255-60. doi: 10.1369/jhc.4B6395.2005.