PMID- 15762177
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050328
LR  - 20061115
IS  - 1528-7394 (Print)
IS  - 0098-4108 (Linking)
VI  - 68
IP  - 3
DP  - 2005 Feb 13
TI  - Persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals in typical seafoods consumed in 
      Singapore.
PG  - 151-66
AB  - In this study, the levels of several heavy metals and persistent organic 
      pollutants (POPs) were measured in the edible portions of 20 different seafood 
      types consumed in Singapore (2 < n < 12). The mean heavy metal concentrations 
      among the seafood types ranged from below detection limits (BLD) to 14.2 microg/g 
      wet weight (ww) for As (shark), to 0.50 microg/g ww for Cd (kunning), to 25.5 
      microg/g ww for Cu (gray prawn), to 0.58 microg/g ww for Hg (eel), and to 1.21 
      microg/g ww for Pb (salmon). Chlordane, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and p, 
      p'-DDT [2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane] and its related 
      metabolites (sum noted as DDTs) were the main POPs found among the seafood types, 
      with highest concentrations in salmon fillets and green mussels. Polybrominated 
      diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in salmon fillets (2.75 ng/g ww) were one 
      order of magnitude lower than the highest concentration of PCBs (28.5 ng/g ww). 
      The mean daily intake of contaminants from seafood was calculated for the general 
      population of Singapore. Daily intakes of heavy metals and POPs from seafood are 
      below the oral reference dose set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 
      except for As, although our study did not characterize the species of As present. 
      Daily intake of As, DDTs, heptachlor, and PCBs in seafood exceeded the 
      conservative cancer benchmark concentrations set by the U.S. Environmental 
      Protection Agency (EPA), suggesting that a significant number of people are 
      potentially at risk in Singapore over a lifetime from seafood consumption.
FAU - Bayen, Stephane
AU  - Bayen S
AD  - Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore. 
      scip0153@nus.edu.sg
FAU - Koroleva, Elena
AU  - Koroleva E
FAU - Lee, Hian Kee
AU  - Lee HK
FAU - Obbard, Jeffrey Philip
AU  - Obbard JP
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - J Toxicol Environ Health A
JT  - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A
JID - 100960995
RN  - 0 (Metals, Heavy)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Crustacea/chemistry
MH  - Fishes
MH  - Food Contamination
MH  - Humans
MH  - Metals, Heavy/*analysis
MH  - Mollusca/chemistry
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Seafood/*analysis
MH  - Singapore
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
EDAT- 2005/03/15 09:00
MHDA- 2005/03/29 09:00
CRDT- 2005/03/15 09:00
PHST- 2005/03/15 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/03/29 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/03/15 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/15287390590890437 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2005 Feb 13;68(3):151-66. doi: 
      10.1080/15287390590890437.