PMID- 15793812
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050812
LR  - 20161124
IS  - 0022-3549 (Print)
IS  - 0022-3549 (Linking)
VI  - 94
IP  - 5
DP  - 2005 May
TI  - The effect of water to ethanol feed ratio on physical properties and 
      aerosolization behavior of spray dried cromolyn sodium particles.
PG  - 1048-59
AB  - Cromolyn sodium (CS) was spray dried under constant operation conditions from 
      different water to ethanol feed ratios (50:50-0:100). The spray dried CS samples 
      were characterized for their physicochemical properties including crystallinity, 
      particle size distribution, morphology, density, and water/ethanol content. To 
      determine quantitatively the crystallinity of the powders, an X-ray diffraction 
      (XRD) method was developed using samples with different crystallinity prepared by 
      physical mixing of 100% amorphous and 100% crystalline CS materials. The 
      aerodynamic behavior of the CS samples was determined using an Andersen Cascade 
      Impactor (ACI) with a Spinhaler at an air flow of 60 L/min. Binary mixtures of 
      each spray dried CS powder and Pharmatose 325, a commercial alpha-lactose 
      monohydrate available for DPI formulations, were prepared and in vitro aerosol 
      deposition of the drug from the mixtures was analyzed using ACI to evaluate the 
      effect of carrier on deposition profiles of the spray dried samples. CS spray 
      dried from absolute ethanol exhibited XRD pattern characteristic for crystalline 
      materials and different from patterns of the other samples. The crystallinity of 
      spray dried CS obtained in the presence of water varied from 0% to 28.37%, 
      depending on the ratio of water to ethanol in the feed suspensions. All samples 
      presented different particle size, water/ethanol content, and bulk density 
      values. CS particles spray dried from absolute ethanol presented uniform 
      elongated shape whereas the other samples consisted mainly of particles with 
      irregular shape. Overall, fine particle fraction increased significantly (p < 
      0.01) with decreasing d50% and water and ethanol content of spray dried CS 
      samples. Significant difference (p < 0.01) in deposition profiles of the drug 
      were observed between corresponding carrier free and carrier blended 
      formulations. The difference in deposition profiles of CS aerosolized from 
      various spray dried samples were described according to the particle size, shape, 
      and water/ethanol contents of the powders. The results of this study indicate 
      that enhanced aerosol performance of CS can be obtained by spray drying of the 
      drug from suspensions containing > or = 87.5% v/v ethanol.
CI  - Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc
FAU - Gilani, Kambiz
AU  - Gilani K
AD  - Aerosol Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical 
      Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Najafabadi, Abdolhossien Rouholamini
AU  - Najafabadi AR
FAU - Barghi, Mohammadali
AU  - Barghi M
FAU - Rafiee-Tehrani, Morteza
AU  - Rafiee-Tehrani M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Pharm Sci
JT  - Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
JID - 2985195R
RN  - 0 (Aerosols)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Asthmatic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Capsules)
RN  - 0 (Drug Carriers)
RN  - 0 (Powders)
RN  - 0 (Solvents)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol)
RN  - Q2WXR1I0PK (Cromolyn Sodium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aerosols
MH  - Anti-Asthmatic Agents/administration & dosage/*chemistry
MH  - Capsules
MH  - Chemical Phenomena
MH  - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
MH  - Chemistry, Physical
MH  - Cromolyn Sodium/administration & dosage/*chemistry
MH  - Desiccation
MH  - Drug Carriers
MH  - Drug Compounding
MH  - Ethanol/*chemistry
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Powders
MH  - Solvents
MH  - Water/*chemistry
MH  - X-Ray Diffraction
EDAT- 2005/03/29 09:00
MHDA- 2005/08/13 09:00
CRDT- 2005/03/29 09:00
PHST- 2005/03/29 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/08/13 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/03/29 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0022-3549(16)31755-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1002/jps.20315 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Pharm Sci. 2005 May;94(5):1048-59. doi: 10.1002/jps.20315.