PMID- 15806344
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050728
LR  - 20220310
IS  - 0040-5752 (Print)
IS  - 0040-5752 (Linking)
VI  - 110
IP  - 7
DP  - 2005 May
TI  - Association analysis of candidate genes for maysin and chlorogenic acid 
      accumulation in maize silks.
PG  - 1324-33
AB  - Two compounds, the C-glycosyl flavone maysin and the phenylpropanoid product 
      chlorogenic acid (CGA), have been implicated in corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea 
      Boddie) resistance in maize (Zea mays L.). Previous quantitative trait locus 
      (QTL) analyses identified the pericarp color (p) locus, which encodes a 
      transcription factor, as the major QTL for maysin and CGA. QTL analysis has also 
      implicated the dihydroflavanol reductase (DFR; E.C. no. 1.1.1.219) locus 
      anthocyaninless1 (a1) and the duplicate chalcone synthase (CHS; E.C. no. 
      2.3.1.74) loci colorless2 (c2) and white pollen1 (whp1) as genes underlying QTL 
      for maysin and/or CGA synthesis. Epistatic interactions between p and a1 and 
      between p and c2 were also defined. CHS catalyzes the first step in the flavonoid 
      pathway and represents one of the first enzyme steps following the branch off the 
      general phenylpropanoid pathway towards CGA synthesis. In maize, the reduction of 
      dihydroflavanol to leucoanthocyanin by DFR immediately follows the pathway branch 
      leading to C-glycosyl flavone production. The detection of QTLs for maysin and 
      CGA concentration at loci encoding enzyme steps following the pathway branch 
      points implicates alterations in the flow of biochemical intermediates as the 
      biological basis of the QTL effects. To examine if sequence variation among 
      alleles of a1, c2, and whp1 affect maysin and CGA synthesis in maize silks, we 
      performed an association analysis. Because the p locus has often been a major QTL 
      for maysin and CGA and has exhibited epistatic interactions with a1, c2, and 
      whp1, association analysis was conditioned on the p genotype. A highly 
      significant association of two sequence polymorphisms in the promoter of a1 with 
      maysin synthesis was demonstrated. Additional conditioning on the genotype of the 
      significant a1 polymorphism allowed the detection of a significant polymorphism 
      within the whp1 promoter. Our analyses demonstrate that conditioning for 
      epistatic factors greatly increases the power of association testing.
FAU - Szalma, S J
AU  - Szalma SJ
AD  - Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
FAU - Buckler, E S 4th
AU  - Buckler ES 4th
FAU - Snook, M E
AU  - Snook ME
FAU - McMullen, M D
AU  - McMullen MD
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20050402
PL  - Germany
TA  - Theor Appl Genet
JT  - TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik
JID - 0145600
RN  - 0 (Flavonoids)
RN  - 0 (Glucosides)
RN  - 01O8RT377Y (maysin)
RN  - 318ADP12RI (Chlorogenic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Chlorogenic Acid/*chemistry
MH  - Epistasis, Genetic
MH  - Flavonoids/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Glucosides/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Immunity, Innate/*genetics
MH  - Likelihood Functions
MH  - Models, Statistical
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Moths
MH  - Plant Diseases/genetics/*parasitology
MH  - *Polymorphism, Genetic
MH  - *Quantitative Trait Loci
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Zea mays/*genetics
EDAT- 2005/04/05 09:00
MHDA- 2005/07/29 09:00
CRDT- 2005/04/05 09:00
PHST- 2004/02/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/02/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2005/04/05 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/07/29 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/04/05 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00122-005-1973-0 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Theor Appl Genet. 2005 May;110(7):1324-33. doi: 10.1007/s00122-005-1973-0. Epub 
      2005 Apr 2.