PMID- 15840740
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050809
LR  - 20050708
IS  - 0021-972X (Print)
IS  - 0021-972X (Linking)
VI  - 90
IP  - 7
DP  - 2005 Jul
TI  - Expression of glucocorticoid, retinoid, and thyroid hormone receptors during 
      human lung development.
PG  - 4309-14
AB  - CONTEXT: Although glucocorticoid hormone, thyroid hormone, and retinoic acid play 
      important roles in fetal development, the expression of their receptors in human 
      lung is still unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the 
      ontogeny of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)alpha, thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), 
      retinoic acid receptors (RARs), and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) mRNA expression 
      in human lungs. DESIGN: Lungs from human fetuses and neonates (13.5-41 wk 
      gestation; n = 20) as well as adults (n = 5) were analyzed by real-time PCR to 
      monitor the ontogeny of mRNA expression for each receptor. In addition, 
      immunohistochemistry was performed to show the cellular distribution of the 
      different receptors. RESULTS: The expression of GRalpha, TRs, RARs, and RXRs was 
      already detected in the earliest developmental stages analyzed. There was no 
      significant difference in mRNA expression between developmental groups for any of 
      the genes studied. However, for fetal and neonatal samples, there were positive 
      correlations between gestational age and mRNA expression for RARalpha (r = 0.665; 
      P = 0.001), RXRalpha (r = 0.444; P = 0.050), and RXRgamma (r = 0.464; P = 0.039). 
      Immunohistochemical studies showed the presence of GRalpha, TRs, RARs, and RXRs 
      in the nuclei of both epithelial and mesenchymal cells, albeit more pronounced in 
      epithelium of larger airways. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of GRalpha, TRs, RARs, 
      and RXRs expression in human lung as early as 13.5 wk gestation implies an early 
      potential for therapeutic or toxic effects by exogenous analogs or by excess of 
      endogenous ligands.
FAU - Rajatapiti, Prapapan
AU  - Rajatapiti P
AD  - Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, 
      University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ Rotterdam, The 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Kester, Monique H A
AU  - Kester MH
FAU - de Krijger, Ronald R
AU  - de Krijger RR
FAU - Rottier, Robbert
AU  - Rottier R
FAU - Visser, Theo J
AU  - Visser TJ
FAU - Tibboel, Dick
AU  - Tibboel D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20050419
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Endocrinol Metab
JT  - The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
JID - 0375362
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Glucocorticoid)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Retinoic Acid)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Thyroid Hormone)
RN  - 0 (Retinoid X Receptors)
RN  - 0 (glucocorticoid receptor alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Lung/*embryology/*metabolism
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - RNA, Messenger/analysis
MH  - Receptors, Glucocorticoid/analysis/*genetics
MH  - Receptors, Retinoic Acid/analysis/*genetics
MH  - Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/analysis/*genetics
MH  - Retinoid X Receptors/analysis/*genetics
EDAT- 2005/04/21 09:00
MHDA- 2005/08/10 09:00
CRDT- 2005/04/21 09:00
PHST- 2005/04/21 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/08/10 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/04/21 09:00 [entrez]
AID - jc.2005-0556 [pii]
AID - 10.1210/jc.2005-0556 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jul;90(7):4309-14. doi: 10.1210/jc.2005-0556. Epub 
      2005 Apr 19.