PMID- 15841895
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050510
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1098-3015 (Print)
IS  - 1098-3015 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 1
DP  - 2005 Jan-Feb
TI  - Development and initial validation of an instrument to measure 
      physician-pharmacist collaboration from the physician perspective.
PG  - 59-66
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Using a conceptual model of collaborative working relationships 
      between pharmacists and physicians, a measure for physician-pharmacist 
      collaboration from the physician perspective was developed. The measure was 
      analyzed for its factor structure, internal consistency, construct validity, and 
      other psychometric properties. METHODS: An initial 27-item Physician-Pharmacist 
      Collaboration Instrument (PPCI) was developed to assess seven themes about 
      professional relationships using Likert scales. The PPCI was mailed to a random 
      sample of 1000 primary care physicians. Principal component analysis was used to 
      assess the structure and uncover underlying dimensions of the initial instrument. 
      Items were evaluated for inclusion or exclusion into a refined instrument. 
      Internal consistency was assessed by calculating Alpha coefficients for each 
      identified factor. Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman correlations 
      between the identified factors and a previous measure of collaborative care. 
      After measure refinement, confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the 
      fit of both versions of the instrument. RESULTS: Three hundred forty usable 
      surveys were returned for a response rate of 34%. Almost 70% of the respondents 
      were male with a mean age of 45.8. A majority were family practice physicians 
      (72.1%) in private practice (67.3%). Three unique factors were identified during 
      principal component analysis and utilized in a confirmatory factor analysis. Both 
      a full and a 14-item reduced model were constructed and tested. Cronbach's alpha 
      for the three factors of the full model ranged from 0.91 to 0.97, while the 
      reliability for the reduced model ranged from 0.86 to 0.96. Comparative fit 
      indexes of 0.97 and 0.98 were obtained, indicating good fit for the models. 
      CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate good reliability and validity of the refined 
      (14-item) PPCI. This instrument can be useful as a research tool for assessment 
      of the physicians' perspective about a physician-pharmacist relationship. Further 
      research is warranted to examine if the extent of relationship development, as 
      measured with the PPCI, can affect patient care outcomes.
FAU - Zillich, Alan J
AU  - Zillich AJ
AD  - Purdue University School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, Department of 
      Pharmacy Practice, Indianapolis, IN 46202-2879, USA. azillich@purdue.edu
FAU - Doucette, William R
AU  - Doucette WR
FAU - Carter, Barry L
AU  - Carter BL
FAU - Kreiter, Clarence D
AU  - Kreiter CD
LA  - eng
GR  - 1R01-HL069801-01A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PT  - Validation Study
PL  - United States
TA  - Value Health
JT  - Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics 
      and Outcomes Research
JID - 100883818
SB  - IM
MH  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
MH  - Certification
MH  - Communication
MH  - *Cooperative Behavior
MH  - Factor Analysis, Statistical
MH  - Family Practice/education/organization & administration
MH  - Female
MH  - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
MH  - Humans
MH  - Internal Medicine/education/organization & administration
MH  - *Interprofessional Relations
MH  - Iowa
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Models, Psychological
MH  - Pediatrics/education/organization & administration
MH  - Pharmacists/*psychology
MH  - Physicians/*psychology
MH  - Primary Health Care/organization & administration
MH  - Professional Role
MH  - Psychometrics
MH  - Statistics, Nonparametric
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires/*standards
MH  - Trust/psychology
EDAT- 2005/04/22 09:00
MHDA- 2005/05/11 09:00
CRDT- 2005/04/22 09:00
PHST- 2005/04/22 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/05/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/04/22 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S1098-3015(10)60244-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.03093.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Value Health. 2005 Jan-Feb;8(1):59-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.03093.x.