PMID- 15850933
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050607
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 0360-3016 (Print)
IS  - 0360-3016 (Linking)
VI  - 62
IP  - 1
DP  - 2005 May 1
TI  - Mechanism and modification of gastrointestinal soft tissue response to radiation: 
      role of growth factors.
PG  - 273-8
AB  - PURPOSE: The negative effects of radiation on the bowel critically limit the 
      treatment doses possible for tumors in the abdomen. The purpose of the present 
      study was to measure mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in abdominally 
      irradiated mouse bowel. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eight- to 12-week-old DBA mice 
      were irradiated to the whole bowel in single fractions of 0 (mock irradiation), 
      12.5, or 13.5 Gy, and sacrificed 18-25 weeks thereafter. Gross bowel reactions 
      were scored for bowel retraction, bowel wall thickening, mesenteric 
      telangiectasia, and petechia. Tissues were snap frozen and processed for RNase 
      protection assay or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay, or 
      both. Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1), TGFbeta2, TGFbeta3, tumor 
      necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interferon gamma mRNA were measured. 
      RESULTS: Radiation at 12.5 Gy and at 13.5 Gy produced significant bowel damage. 
      Levels of all cytokines in irradiated mice were significantly increased (p < 
      0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Late radiation-related bowel fibrovascular toxicity includes 
      cytokine signal pathways that parallel those of many other normal tissues. These 
      cytokine responses include elevations of tumor necrosis factor alpha, TGFbeta1, 
      and interleukin-6. There exist approaches for lowering these cytokine levels that 
      do not also protect tumor, and thus a therapeutic gain is expected. Opportunities 
      to use these cytokine measurements both to predict clinical toxicity and to 
      develop interventions are discussed.
FAU - Okunieff, Paul
AU  - Okunieff P
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 
      Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Paul.Okunieff@URMC.Rochester.edu
FAU - Cornelison, Terri
AU  - Cornelison T
FAU - Mester, Marcelo
AU  - Mester M
FAU - Liu, Weimin
AU  - Liu W
FAU - Ding, Ivan
AU  - Ding I
FAU - Chen, Yuchyau
AU  - Chen Y
FAU - Zhang, Hong
AU  - Zhang H
FAU - Williams, Jacqueline P
AU  - Williams JP
FAU - Finkelstein, Jacob
AU  - Finkelstein J
LA  - eng
GR  - 1R13CA100307-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01-CA11051-30/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys
JT  - International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics
JID - 7603616
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Tgfb1 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Tgfb3 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta)
RN  - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta1)
RN  - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta2)
RN  - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta3)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines/*metabolism
MH  - Interferon-gamma/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-6/metabolism
MH  - Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
MH  - Intestines/*radiation effects
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred DBA
MH  - RNA, Messenger/metabolism
MH  - Radiation Injuries, Experimental/*metabolism
MH  - Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
MH  - Transforming Growth Factor beta1
MH  - Transforming Growth Factor beta2
MH  - Transforming Growth Factor beta3
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
EDAT- 2005/04/27 09:00
MHDA- 2005/06/09 09:00
CRDT- 2005/04/27 09:00
PHST- 2005/01/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/01/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2005/01/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2005/04/27 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/06/09 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/04/27 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0360-3016(05)00227-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.01.034 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 May 1;62(1):273-8. doi: 
      10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.01.034.