PMID- 15860251
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050707
LR  - 20220224
IS  - 0960-0760 (Print)
IS  - 0960-0760 (Linking)
VI  - 93
IP  - 2-5
DP  - 2005 Feb
TI  - Multiple expression control mechanisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated 
      receptors and their target genes.
PG  - 99-105
AB  - The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) alpha, beta/delta and 
      gamma belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. As ligand-activated 
      receptors, they form a functional transcriptional unit upon heterodimerization 
      with retinoid X receptors (RXRs). PPARs are activated by fatty acids and their 
      derivatives, whereas RXR is activated by 9-cis retinoic acid. This heterodimer 
      binds to peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPRE) residing in target 
      genes and stimulates their expression. Recent reports now indicate that PPARs and 
      RXRs can function independently, in the absence of a hetero-partner, to modulate 
      gene expression. Of importance, these non-canonical mechanisms underscore the 
      impact of both cofactors and DNA on gene expression. Furthermore, these different 
      mechanisms reveal the increasing repertoire of PPAR 'target' genes that now 
      encompasses non-PPREs containing genes. It is also becoming apparent that 
      understanding the regulation of PPAR expression and activity, can itself have a 
      significant influence on how the expression of subgroups of target genes is 
      studied and integrated in current knowledge.
FAU - Tan, Nguan Soon
AU  - Tan NS
AD  - Center for Integrative Genomics, NCCR Frontiers in Genetics, University of 
      Lausanne, Biology Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
FAU - Michalik, Liliane
AU  - Michalik L
FAU - Desvergne, Beatrice
AU  - Desvergne B
FAU - Wahli, Walter
AU  - Wahli W
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol
JT  - The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology
JID - 9015483
RN  - 0 (Hormones)
RN  - 0 (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear)
RN  - 0 (Retinoid X Receptors)
RN  - 0 (TGFB1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta)
RN  - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta1)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Hormones/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
MH  - Retinoid X Receptors/genetics/physiology
MH  - Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology
MH  - Transforming Growth Factor beta1
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
MH  - Wound Healing/genetics/physiology
RF  - 52
EDAT- 2005/04/30 09:00
MHDA- 2005/07/08 09:00
CRDT- 2005/04/30 09:00
PHST- 2005/04/30 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/07/08 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/04/30 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0960-0760(04)00425-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.12.025 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Feb;93(2-5):99-105. doi: 
      10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.12.025.