PMID- 15866279
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050621
LR  - 20050503
IS  - 0048-9697 (Print)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 342
IP  - 1-3
DP  - 2005 Apr 15
TI  - Observations of the PCB distribution within and in-between ice, snow, ice-rafted 
      debris, ice-interstitial water, and seawater in the Barents Sea marginal ice zone 
      and the North Pole area.
PG  - 261-79
AB  - To evaluate the two hypotheses of locally elevated exposure of persistent organic 
      pollutants (POPs) in ice-associated microenvironments and ice as a key carrier 
      for long-range transport of POPs to the Arctic marginal ice zone (MIZ), dissolved 
      and particulate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in ice, snow, 
      ice-interstitial water (IIW), seawater in the melt layer underlying the ice, and 
      in ice-rafted sediment (IRS) from the Barents Sea MIZ to the high Arctic in the 
      summer of 2001. Ultra-clean sampling equipment and protocols were specially 
      developed for this expedition, including construction of a permanent clean room 
      facility and a stainless steel seawater intake system on the I/B ODEN as well as 
      two mobile 370 l ice-melting systems. Similar concentrations were found in 
      several ice-associated compartments. For instance, the concentration of one of 
      the most abundant congeners, PCB 52, was typically on the order of 0.1-0.3 pg 
      l(-1) in the dissolved (melted) phase of the ice, snow, IIW, and underlying 
      seawater while its particulate organic-carbon (POC) normalized concentrations 
      were around 1-3 ng gPOC(-1) in the ice, snow, IIW, and IRS. The solid-water 
      distribution of PCBs in ice was well correlated with and predictable from K(ow) 
      (ice log K(oc)-log K(ow) regressions: p<0.05, r2=0.78-0.98, n=9), indicating 
      near-equilibrium partitioning of PCBs within each local ice system. These results 
      do generally not evidence the existence of physical microenvironments with 
      locally elevated POP exposures. However, there were some indications that the 
      ice-associated system had harbored local environments with higher exposure levels 
      earlier/before the melting/vegetative season, as a few samples had PCB 
      concentrations elevated by factors of 5-10 relative to the typical values, and 
      the elevated levels were predominantly found at the station where melting had 
      putatively progressed the least. The very low PCB concentrations and absence of 
      any significant concentration gradients, both in-between different matrices and 
      over the Eurasian Arctic basin scale, suggest that ice is not an important 
      long-range transport purveyor of POPs to the Arctic MIZ ecosystem.
FAU - Gustafsson, O
AU  - Gustafsson O
AD  - Stockholm University, Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), 10691 
      Stockholm, Sweden. orjan.gustafsson@itm.su.se
FAU - Andersson, P
AU  - Andersson P
FAU - Axelman, J
AU  - Axelman J
FAU - Bucheli, T D
AU  - Bucheli TD
FAU - Komp, P
AU  - Komp P
FAU - McLachlan, M S
AU  - McLachlan MS
FAU - Sobek, A
AU  - Sobek A
FAU - Thorngren, J-O
AU  - Thorngren JO
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20050304
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
EDAT- 2005/05/04 09:00
MHDA- 2005/05/04 09:01
CRDT- 2005/05/04 09:00
PHST- 2005/05/04 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/05/04 09:01 [medline]
PHST- 2005/05/04 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(04)00864-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.044 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2005 Apr 15;342(1-3):261-79. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.044. Epub 2005 Mar 4.