PMID- 15870315
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050615
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0099-2240 (Print)
IS  - 1098-5336 (Electronic)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Linking)
VI  - 71
IP  - 5
DP  - 2005 May
TI  - Contribution of Archaea to total prokaryotic production in the deep Atlantic 
      Ocean.
PG  - 2303-9
AB  - Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in combination with polynucleotide 
      probes revealed that the two major groups of planktonic Archaea (Crenarchaeota 
      and Euryarchaeota) exhibit a different distribution pattern in the water column 
      of the Pacific subtropical gyre and in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current system. 
      While Euryarchaeota were found to be more dominant in nearsurface waters, 
      Crenarchaeota were relatively more abundant in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic 
      waters. We determined the abundance of archaea in the mesopelagic and 
      bathypelagic North Atlantic along a south-north transect of more than 4,000 km. 
      Using an improved catalyzed reporter deposition-FISH (CARD-FISH) method and 
      specific oligonucleotide probes, we found that archaea were consistently more 
      abundant than bacteria below a 100-m depth. Combining microautoradiography with 
      CARD-FISH revealed a high fraction of metabolically active cells in the deep 
      ocean. Even at a 3,000-m depth, about 16% of the bacteria were taking up leucine. 
      The percentage of Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeaota taking up leucine did not 
      follow a specific trend, with depths ranging from 6 to 35% and 3 to 18%, 
      respectively. The fraction of Crenarchaeota taking up inorganic carbon increased 
      with depth, while Euryarchaeota taking up inorganic carbon decreased from 200 m 
      to 3,000 m in depth. The ability of archaea to take up inorganic carbon was used 
      as a proxy to estimate archaeal cell production and to compare this archaeal 
      production with total prokaryotic production measured via leucine incorporation. 
      We estimate that archaeal production in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic North 
      Atlantic contributes between 13 to 27% to the total prokaryotic production in the 
      oxygen minimum layer and 41 to 84% in the Labrador Sea Water, declining to 10 to 
      20% in the North Atlantic Deep Water. Thus, planktonic archaea are actively 
      growing in the dark ocean although at lower growth rates than bacteria and might 
      play a significant role in the oceanic carbon cycle.
FAU - Herndl, Gerhard J
AU  - Herndl GJ
AD  - Department of Biological Oceanography, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea 
      Research, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands. herdl@nioz.nl
FAU - Reinthaler, Thomas
AU  - Reinthaler T
FAU - Teira, Eva
AU  - Teira E
FAU - van Aken, Hendrik
AU  - van Aken H
FAU - Veth, Cornelius
AU  - Veth C
FAU - Pernthaler, Annelie
AU  - Pernthaler A
FAU - Pernthaler, Jakob
AU  - Pernthaler J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Appl Environ Microbiol
JT  - Applied and environmental microbiology
JID - 7605801
RN  - 7440-44-0 (Carbon)
SB  - IM
MH  - Archaea/*growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism
MH  - Atlantic Ocean
MH  - Bacteria/*growth & development/isolation & purification
MH  - Carbon/metabolism
MH  - Plankton/metabolism
MH  - Seawater/*microbiology
PMC - PMC1087563
EDAT- 2005/05/05 09:00
MHDA- 2005/06/16 09:00
PMCR- 2005/05/01
CRDT- 2005/05/05 09:00
PHST- 2005/05/05 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/06/16 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/05/05 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2005/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 71/5/2303 [pii]
AID - 1956-04 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/AEM.71.5.2303-2309.2005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 May;71(5):2303-9. doi: 
      10.1128/AEM.71.5.2303-2309.2005.