PMID- 15872335
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050609
LR  - 20111117
IS  - 0021-972X (Print)
IS  - 0021-972X (Linking)
VI  - 90
IP  - 5
DP  - 2005 May
TI  - Dynamics of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in young children with human 
      leukocyte antigen-conferred risk of type 1 diabetes recruited from the general 
      population.
PG  - 2712-7
AB  - This study characterized the dynamics of islet cell antibodies (ICA), insulin 
      antibodies (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), and IA-2 
      antibodies (IA-2A) in 1006 children recruited from the general population due to 
      human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1-conferred risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D). By 
      the age of 5 yr, 13.8% of the children had had one or more autoantibodies in at 
      least one sample drawn at 3- to 12-month intervals from birth, whereas 6.1% had 
      had one or more of the three autoantibodies to biochemically defined antigens in 
      at least two consecutive samples. The cumulative frequencies of positivity for at 
      least two antibodies ranged from 3.2-4.4%. Seventy-five children (7.5%) had at 
      least once ICA, 83 (8.3%) had IAA, 46 (4.6%) had GADA, and 33 (3.3%) had IA-2A. 
      IAA were transient more frequently than the other antibodies (P < or = 0.03) and 
      fluctuated between positivity and negativity more often than ICA (P = 0.001). The 
      genetically high risk children were positive for each autoantibody reactivity 
      more often (P < or = 0.03) than the moderate risk subjects. Thirteen of the 1006 
      children (1.3%) presented with T1D by the age of 5 yr. The most sensitive 
      predictors of T1D were ICA and IAA, whereas the most specific predictor was 
      IA-2A. Positivity for at least two autoantibodies of IAA, GADA, and IA-2A had the 
      highest positive predictive value for T1D (34%). We conclude that the frequency 
      of various diabetes-associated autoantibodies increases at a relatively stable 
      rate at least up to the age of 5 yr. Persistent positivity for two or more 
      autoantibodies appears to reflect destructive progressive beta-cell autoimmunity, 
      whereas positivity for a single autoantibody may represent harmless 
      nonprogressive or even regressive beta-cell autoimmunity.
FAU - Kukko, M
AU  - Kukko M
AD  - Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Center for the Prevention of Type 1 
      Diabetes in Finland and Medical School, University of Tampere, and Department of 
      Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital.
FAU - Kimpimaki, T
AU  - Kimpimaki T
FAU - Korhonen, S
AU  - Korhonen S
FAU - Kupila, A
AU  - Kupila A
FAU - Simell, S
AU  - Simell S
FAU - Veijola, R
AU  - Veijola R
FAU - Simell, T
AU  - Simell T
FAU - Ilonen, J
AU  - Ilonen J
FAU - Simell, O
AU  - Simell O
FAU - Knip, M
AU  - Knip M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20050215
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Endocrinol Metab
JT  - The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
JID - 0375362
RN  - 0 (Autoantibodies)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DQ Antigens)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DQ beta-Chains)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DQB1 antigen)
RN  - 0 (ICA512 autoantibody)
RN  - 0 (Insulin Antibodies)
RN  - 0 (islet cell antibody)
RN  - EC 4.1.1.15 (Glutamate Decarboxylase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Autoantibodies/*blood
MH  - Child
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Glutamate Decarboxylase/immunology
MH  - HLA-DQ Antigens/*genetics
MH  - HLA-DQ beta-Chains
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin Antibodies/blood
MH  - Male
EDAT- 2005/05/06 09:00
MHDA- 2005/06/10 09:00
CRDT- 2005/05/06 09:00
PHST- 2005/05/06 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/06/10 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/05/06 09:00 [entrez]
AID - jc.2004-1371 [pii]
AID - 10.1210/jc.2004-1371 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 May;90(5):2712-7. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1371. Epub 
      2005 Feb 15.