PMID- 15885978
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050818
LR  - 20220411
IS  - 0887-2333 (Print)
IS  - 0887-2333 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 5
DP  - 2005 Aug
TI  - An experimental model for the determination of immunomodulating effects by 
      volatile compounds.
PG  - 685-93
AB  - An in vitro exposure system was developed to enable simultaneous exposure of 
      primary cells or cell lines to defined concentrations of volatile organic 
      compounds (VOC) without the necessity of a constant-flow exposure system. Toluene 
      was used as model VOC and administered via the gas phase. CD3/CD28-stimulated 
      human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used as indicator cells. 
      Vitality/proliferation of PBMC was tested using the MTT assay and their 
      functional reactivity using cytokine ELISA for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), 
      interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, and tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). 
      Chemical analysis using headspace gas chromatography confirmed that this new 
      method guaranties reproducible VOC exposure (R2 = 0.995 for the correlation 
      between external toluene concentration and toluene in the cell culture). While 
      cytotoxic effects were not observed, dose-dependent toluene effects on functional 
      reactivity of PBMC were found. The secretion of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-13 was 
      inhibited at concentrations of 72.5 g/m3 and above, whereas the TNF-alpha 
      production was increased. Since the presented in vitro model ensures toluene 
      exposure in concentrations comparable to the real situation, and allows the 
      investigation of dose-dependent immunomodulatory toluene effects in 
      concentrations without cytotoxicity, this method first described here is 
      introduced as useful tool in analysis of VOC-triggered effects on immune cells.
FAU - Wichmann, Gunnar
AU  - Wichmann G
AD  - Department of Environmental Immunology, UFZ Centre for Environmental Research 
      Leipzig-Halle Ltd., Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. 
      gunnar.wichmann@ufz.de
FAU - Muhlenberg, Jana
AU  - Muhlenberg J
FAU - Fischader, Gundula
AU  - Fischader G
FAU - Kulla, Christian
AU  - Kulla C
FAU - Rehwagen, Martina
AU  - Rehwagen M
FAU - Herbarth, Olf
AU  - Herbarth O
FAU - Lehmann, Irina
AU  - Lehmann I
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Toxicol In Vitro
JT  - Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with 
      BIBRA
JID - 8712158
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cell Proliferation/drug effects
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Cytokines/biosynthesis
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Humans
MH  - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*drug effects/immunology
MH  - Toluene/*toxicity
MH  - Volatilization
EDAT- 2005/05/12 09:00
MHDA- 2005/08/19 09:00
CRDT- 2005/05/12 09:00
PHST- 2004/09/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/01/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2005/03/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2005/05/12 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/08/19 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/05/12 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0887-2333(05)00057-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.03.012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicol In Vitro. 2005 Aug;19(5):685-93. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.03.012.