PMID- 15895430
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20051201
LR  - 20161124
IS  - 0002-9483 (Print)
IS  - 0002-9483 (Linking)
VI  - 128
IP  - 3
DP  - 2005 Nov
TI  - Sexual dimorphism in the Japanese cranial base: a Fourier-wavelet representation.
PG  - 608-22
AB  - An approach, computational shape analysis (CSA), is presented here which utilizes 
      a Fourier-wavelet representation to numerically describe shape features of 
      biological forms. Two elements are involved: 1) elliptical Fourier functions 
      (EFFs), to provide estimates of global aspects, and 2) continuous wavelet 
      transforms (CWTs) to generate an objective estimate of localized features. EFFs 
      are computed, using a set of pseudohomologous points, to create a precise analog 
      of the boundary. This computed contour is then normalized by scaling and rotated 
      in two-dimensional space to insure a representation that is invariant with 
      respect to starting point, size, and orientation. The predicted point coordinates 
      derived from the EFFs are submitted to CWT for further processing. Wavelet 
      coefficients are then computed to identify localized features, localization being 
      a subjective process with EFFs. The advantage of wavelets is that they eliminate 
      the inevitable subjectivity inherent in the choice of measurements. To test the 
      usefulness of CSA, a sample of cranial base (CB) lateral radiographic outlines 
      was available. Five archaeological periods, Yayoi, Kofun, Kamakura, Edo, and 
      Modern, were utilized (n = 297). Statistically significant differences in sex and 
      archaeological age were found. Although archaeological age differences were 
      present, they were small and random in character, suggesting stability in the CB 
      structures. In contrast, sexually dimorphic differences were present in every 
      group from the Yayoi to the Modern period. This presence of sexually dimorphic 
      differences in shape was consistent with earlier studies of M. nemestrina, G. 
      gorilla, and P. troglodytes. Consequently, it is suggested that the pattern of 
      sexual dimorphism documented in the Japanese CB is a primate pattern with an 
      ancient evolutionary history. The results demonstrate, both visually and 
      numerically, that CSA is a powerful approach for describing both global and 
      localized features of craniofacial structures such as the CB.
CI  - Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc
FAU - Lestrel, P E
AU  - Lestrel PE
AD  - Section of Orthodontics, University of California at Los Angeles School of 
      Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90024-1668, USA. plestrel@earthlink.net
FAU - Cesar, R M Jr
AU  - Cesar RM Jr
FAU - Takahashi, O
AU  - Takahashi O
FAU - Kanazawa, E
AU  - Kanazawa E
LA  - eng
PT  - Historical Article
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Am J Phys Anthropol
JT  - American journal of physical anthropology
JID - 0400654
SB  - IM
MH  - Anthropology, Physical
MH  - *Fourier Analysis
MH  - History, Ancient
MH  - Humans
MH  - Japan
MH  - Radiography
MH  - *Sex Characteristics
MH  - Skull/diagnostic imaging/*pathology
EDAT- 2005/05/17 09:00
MHDA- 2005/12/13 09:00
CRDT- 2005/05/17 09:00
PHST- 2005/05/17 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/12/13 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/05/17 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/ajpa.20209 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Phys Anthropol. 2005 Nov;128(3):608-22. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.20209.