PMID- 15895604
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050808
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 0094-2405 (Print)
IS  - 0094-2405 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 4
DP  - 2005 Apr
TI  - Assessment of display performance for medical imaging systems: executive summary 
      of AAPM TG18 report.
PG  - 1205-25
AB  - Digital imaging provides an effective means to electronically acquire, archive, 
      distribute, and view medical images. Medical imaging display stations are an 
      integral part of these operations. Therefore, it is vitally important to assure 
      that electronic display devices do not compromise image quality and ultimately 
      patient care. The AAPM Task Group 18 (TG18) recently published guidelines and 
      acceptance criteria for acceptance testing and quality control of medical display 
      devices. This paper is an executive summary of the TG18 report. TG18 guidelines 
      include visual, quantitative, and advanced testing methodologies for primary and 
      secondary class display devices. The characteristics, tested in conjunction with 
      specially designed test patterns (i.e., TG18 patterns), include reflection, 
      geometric distortion, luminance, the spatial and angular dependencies of 
      luminance, resolution, noise, glare, chromaticity, and display artifacts. 
      Geometric distortions are evaluated by linear measurements of the TG18-QC test 
      pattern, which should render distortion coefficients less than 2%/5% for 
      primary/secondary displays, respectively. Reflection measurements include 
      specular and diffuse reflection coefficients from which the maximum allowable 
      ambient lighting is determined such that contrast degradation due to display 
      reflection remains below a 20% limit and the level of ambient luminance (Lamb) 
      does not unduly compromise luminance ratio (LR) and contrast at low luminance 
      levels. Luminance evaluation relies on visual assessment of low contrast features 
      in the TG18-CT and TG18-MP test patterns, or quantitative measurements at 18 
      distinct luminance levels of the TG18-LN test patterns. The major acceptable 
      criteria for primary/ secondary displays are maximum luminance of greater than 
      170/100 cd/m2, LR of greater than 250/100, and contrast conformance to that of 
      the grayscale standard display function (GSDF) of better than 10%/20%, 
      respectively. The angular response is tested to ascertain the viewing cone within 
      which contrast conformance to the GSDF is better than 30%/60% and LR is greater 
      than 175/70 for primary/secondary displays, or alternatively, within which the 
      on-axis contrast thresholds of the TG18-CT test pattern remain discernible. The 
      evaluation of luminance spatial uniformity at two distinct luminance levels 
      across the display faceplate using TG18-UNL test patterns should yield 
      nonuniformity coefficients smaller than 30%. The resolution evaluation includes 
      the visual scoring of the CX test target in the TG18-QC or TG18-CX test patterns, 
      which should yield scores greater than 4/6 for primary/secondary displays. Noise 
      evaluation includes visual evaluation of the contrast threshold in the TG18-AFC 
      test pattern, which should yield a minimum of 3/2 targets visible for 
      primary/secondary displays. The guidelines also include methodologies for more 
      quantitative resolution and noise measurements based on MTF and NPS analyses. The 
      display glare test, based on the visibility of the low-contrast targets of the 
      TG18-GV test pattern or the measurement of the glare ratio (GR), is expected to 
      yield scores greater than 3/1 and GRs greater than 400/150 for primary/secondary 
      displays. Chromaticity, measured across a display faceplate or between two 
      display devices, is expected to render a u',v' color separation of less than 0.01 
      for primary displays. The report offers further descriptions of prior 
      standardization efforts, current display technologies, testing prerequisites, 
      streamlined procedures and timelines, and TG18 test patterns.
FAU - Samei, Ehsan
AU  - Samei E
AD  - Duke Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Duke University, 
      DUMC 3302, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. samei@duke.edu
FAU - Badano, Aldo
AU  - Badano A
FAU - Chakraborty, Dev
AU  - Chakraborty D
FAU - Compton, Ken
AU  - Compton K
FAU - Cornelius, Craig
AU  - Cornelius C
FAU - Corrigan, Kevin
AU  - Corrigan K
FAU - Flynn, Michael J
AU  - Flynn MJ
FAU - Hemminger, Bradley
AU  - Hemminger B
FAU - Hangiandreou, Nick
AU  - Hangiandreou N
FAU - Johnson, Jeffrey
AU  - Johnson J
FAU - Moxley-Stevens, Donna M
AU  - Moxley-Stevens DM
FAU - Pavlicek, William
AU  - Pavlicek W
FAU - Roehrig, Hans
AU  - Roehrig H
FAU - Rutz, Lois
AU  - Rutz L
FAU - Shepard, Jeffrey
AU  - Shepard J
FAU - Uzenoff, Robert A
AU  - Uzenoff RA
FAU - Wang, Jihong
AU  - Wang J
FAU - Willis, Charles E
AU  - Willis CE
CN  - AAPM TG18
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Med Phys
JT  - Medical physics
JID - 0425746
SB  - IM
MH  - Computer Graphics/standards
MH  - Computer Terminals/*standards
MH  - Diagnostic Imaging/*instrumentation/*standards
MH  - Guidelines as Topic
MH  - Humans
MH  - Quality Control
MH  - Radiographic Image Enhancement/*instrumentation/*methods/standards
MH  - Radiology Information Systems/*instrumentation
MH  - Reference Standards
MH  - Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted/*instrumentation
MH  - Software
MH  - User-Computer Interface
EDAT- 2005/05/18 09:00
MHDA- 2005/08/09 09:00
CRDT- 2005/05/18 09:00
PHST- 2005/05/18 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/08/09 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/05/18 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1118/1.1861159 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Med Phys. 2005 Apr;32(4):1205-25. doi: 10.1118/1.1861159.