PMID- 15902849
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050609
LR  - 20190922
IS  - 0785-3890 (Print)
IS  - 0785-3890 (Linking)
VI  - 37
IP  - 1
DP  - 2005
TI  - A six-fold gradient in the incidence of type 1 diabetes at the eastern border of 
      Finland.
PG  - 67-72
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Type 1 diabetes results from gene-environment interactions in subjects 
      with genetic susceptibility to the disease. We assessed the contribution of 
      environmental and genetic factors to type 1 diabetes by comparing the incidence 
      in two neighboring populations living in conspicuously different socioeconomic 
      circumstances. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We compared the incidence over a 
      10-year period (1990-99) in children younger than 15 years of age living in the 
      Karelian Republic of Russia and in Finland. The frequency of susceptible and 
      protective human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ alleles was analyzed in 400 
      non-diabetic schoolchildren from Russian Karelia and 1000 Finnish subjects. 
      RESULTS: The average annual age-adjusted incidence of type 1 diabetes was lower 
      in Russian Karelia than in Finland: 7.4 per 100000 (95% confidence interval 
      3.5-11.3) versus 41.4 per 100000 (37.3-45.5), while there were no differences in 
      the frequency of the HLA DQ genotypes predisposing to type 1 diabetes in the 
      background populations. The incidence rate did not differ significantly between 
      different ethnic groups in Russian Karelia (Finns/Karelians, Russians, others). 
      CONCLUSIONS: There is a close to six-fold gradient in the incidence of type 1 
      diabetes between Russian Karelia and Finland, although the predisposing HLA DQ 
      genotypes are equally frequent in the two populations. This suggests that 
      environmental factors contribute to this steep difference in the incidence rate 
      between these adjacent regions.
FAU - Kondrashova, Anita
AU  - Kondrashova A
AD  - Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, Center for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes, 
      Finland.
FAU - Reunanen, Antti
AU  - Reunanen A
FAU - Romanov, Anatolij
AU  - Romanov A
FAU - Karvonen, Aino
AU  - Karvonen A
FAU - Viskari, Hanna
AU  - Viskari H
FAU - Vesikari, Timo
AU  - Vesikari T
FAU - Ilonen, Jorma
AU  - Ilonen J
FAU - Knip, Mikael
AU  - Knip M
FAU - Hyoty, Heikki
AU  - Hyoty H
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Ann Med
JT  - Annals of medicine
JID - 8906388
RN  - 0 (HLA-DQ Antigens)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Age Distribution
MH  - Alleles
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*epidemiology/genetics/immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Finland/epidemiology
MH  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease/epidemiology
MH  - Genotype
MH  - HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Male
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Russia/epidemiology
MH  - Sex Distribution
EDAT- 2005/05/21 09:00
MHDA- 2005/06/10 09:00
CRDT- 2005/05/21 09:00
PHST- 2005/05/21 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/06/10 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/05/21 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/07853890410018952 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ann Med. 2005;37(1):67-72. doi: 10.1080/07853890410018952.