PMID- 15903360
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050901
LR  - 20161018
IS  - 1064-8011 (Print)
IS  - 1064-8011 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 2
DP  - 2005 May
TI  - Effects of acute creatine loading with or without carbohydrate on repeated bouts 
      of maximal swimming in high-performance swimmers.
PG  - 265-9
AB  - The addition of carbohydrate (CHO) to an acute creatine (Cr) loading regimen has 
      been shown to increase muscle total creatine content significantly beyond that 
      achieved through creatine loading alone. However, the potential ergogenic effects 
      of combined Cr and CHO loading have not been assessed. The purpose of this study 
      was to compare swimming performance, assessed as mean swimming velocity over 
      repeated maximal intervals, in high-performance swimmers before and after an 
      acute loading regimen of either creatine alone (Cr) or combined creatine and 
      carbohydrate (Cr + CHO). Ten swimmers (mean +/- SD of age and body mass: 17.8 +/- 
      1.8 years and 72.3 +/- 6.8 kg, respectively) of international caliber were 
      recruited and were randomized to 1 of 2 groups. Each swimmer ingested five 5 g 
      doses of creatine for 4 days, with the Cr + CHO group also ingesting 
      approximately 100 g of simple CHO 30 minutes after each dose of creatine. 
      Performance was measured on 5 separate occasions: twice at "baseline" (prior to 
      intervention, to assess the repeatability of the performance test), within 48 
      hours after intervention, and then 2 and 4 weeks later. All subjects swam faster 
      after either dietary loading regimen (p < 0.01, both regimens); however, there 
      was no difference in the extent of improvement of performance between groups. In 
      addition, all swimmers continued to produce faster swim times for up to 4 weeks 
      after intervention. Our findings suggest that no performance advantage was gained 
      from the addition of carbohydrate to a creatine-loading regimen in these 
      high-caliber swimmers.
FAU - Theodorou, Apostolos S
AU  - Theodorou AS
AD  - Carnegie School of Sport, Exercise and Physical Education, Leeds Metropolitan 
      University, Headingley Campus, Leeds, United Kingdom.
FAU - Havenetidis, Konstantinos
AU  - Havenetidis K
FAU - Zanker, Cathy L
AU  - Zanker CL
FAU - O'Hara, John P
AU  - O'Hara JP
FAU - King, Roderick F G J
AU  - King RF
FAU - Hood, Colin
AU  - Hood C
FAU - Paradisis, Giorgios
AU  - Paradisis G
FAU - Cooke, Carlton B
AU  - Cooke CB
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PL  - United States
TA  - J Strength Cond Res
JT  - Journal of strength and conditioning research
JID - 9415084
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - MU72812GK0 (Creatine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Body Weight/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Creatine/*administration & dosage
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage
MH  - *Dietary Supplements
MH  - Drug Therapy, Combination
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Swimming/*physiology
MH  - *Task Performance and Analysis
MH  - Treatment Outcome
EDAT- 2005/05/21 09:00
MHDA- 2005/09/02 09:00
CRDT- 2005/05/21 09:00
PHST- 2005/05/21 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/09/02 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/05/21 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 15314 [pii]
AID - 10.1519/15314.1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Strength Cond Res. 2005 May;19(2):265-9. doi: 10.1519/15314.1.