PMID- 15920102
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20051201
LR  - 20171116
IS  - 8750-7587 (Print)
IS  - 0161-7567 (Linking)
VI  - 99
IP  - 4
DP  - 2005 Oct
TI  - Lymphocyte responses to influenza and tetanus toxoid in vitro following intensive 
      exercise and carbohydrate ingestion on consecutive days.
PG  - 1327-35
AB  - The effect of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on antigen- (rather than mitogen-) 
      stimulated T-cell responses to prolonged, intensive exercise may give a more 
      realistic insight into the effect of CHO on T-cell functional capacity and 
      subsequent infection risk. This study investigated the effect of CHO ingestion 
      during prolonged, intensive exercise on influenza- and tetanus toxoid-stimulated 
      T-cell cytokine mRNA expression and proliferation. Mitogen- [phytohemagglutinin 
      (PHA)] stimulated proliferation was assessed for comparison. Responses were 
      assessed following exercise on consecutive mornings to determine any carryover 
      effect. Fifteen male games players performed two exercise trials in a 
      double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Each trial comprised 90 min of 
      intensive, intermittent running on consecutive mornings, with either CHO (6.4% 
      wt/vol) or placebo (PLA) beverage ingestion before, during, and after each bout 
      of exercise. Postexercise CD3(+) cell counts were higher in PLA than CHO on both 
      days (P < 0.05). Antigen-stimulated T-cell cytokine mRNA expression was 
      unaffected by exercise or CHO ingestion. Before exercise on day 2, T-cell 
      proliferative responses to PHA, influenza, and tetanus toxoid were higher in CHO 
      than PLA by 99, 80, and 58%, respectively (P < 0.01 for PHA, P < 0.05 for 
      influenza and tetanus toxoid). At 1 h postexercise on day 2, PHA-induced 
      proliferation was 70% higher in CHO than PLA (P < 0.05), yet there were no 
      differences between trials for antigen-induced proliferative responses. 
      Therefore, mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation following strenuous exercise and 
      CHO does not necessarily reflect responses to specific antigens and, 
      consequently, may not provide a good model for the situation in vivo.
FAU - Bishop, Nicolette C
AU  - Bishop NC
AD  - School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, 
      UK. N.C.Bishop@lboro.ac.uk
FAU - Walker, Gary J
AU  - Walker GJ
FAU - Bowley, Lee A
AU  - Bowley LA
FAU - Evans, Kate F
AU  - Evans KF
FAU - Molyneux, Karen
AU  - Molyneux K
FAU - Wallace, Fiona A
AU  - Wallace FA
FAU - Smith, Alice C
AU  - Smith AC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20050526
PL  - United States
TA  - J Appl Physiol (1985)
JT  - Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
JID - 8502536
RN  - 0 (Antigens)
RN  - 0 (CD3 Complex)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Phytohemagglutinins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Tetanus Toxoid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antigens/*pharmacology
MH  - Beverages
MH  - CD3 Complex/analysis
MH  - Cell Division/drug effects
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Cytokines/genetics
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*pharmacology
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Humans
MH  - Influenza, Human/*immunology
MH  - Lymphocyte Count
MH  - Male
MH  - Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology
MH  - RNA, Messenger/metabolism
MH  - Running/*physiology
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*drug effects/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Tetanus Toxoid/*pharmacology
EDAT- 2005/05/28 09:00
MHDA- 2005/12/13 09:00
CRDT- 2005/05/28 09:00
PHST- 2005/05/28 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/12/13 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/05/28 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 00038.2005 [pii]
AID - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00038.2005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005 Oct;99(4):1327-35. doi: 
      10.1152/japplphysiol.00038.2005. Epub 2005 May 26.