PMID- 15978643
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060124
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0031-9422 (Print)
IS  - 0031-9422 (Linking)
VI  - 66
IP  - 17
DP  - 2005 Sep
TI  - Molecular requirements of lignin-carbohydrate complexes for expression of unique 
      biological activities.
PG  - 2108-20
AB  - Lignins are major cell wall components formed by the dehydrogenative 
      polymerization of three monolignols, p-coumaryl, coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. 
      We prepared lignin-carbohydrate complexes (Fr. VI and Fr. VII) from pine cones by 
      acid and ethanol precipitation, and investigated which part of these molecules is 
      essential for expression of biological activities. They showed potent antiviral 
      activity upon direct interaction with the virus. The antiviral activity of Frs. 
      VI and VII required the higher-order structure of polyphenols without 
      polysaccharides. Pretreatment of mice with Fr. VI or VII induced higher 
      antiparasite activity than those of natural and chemically modified antitumor 
      polysaccharides. Fr. VI or VII at higher concentrations enhanced the radical 
      intensity and cytotoxic activity of vitamin C, whereas tannins counteracted the 
      effect of vitamin C. Fr. VI at lower concentrations enhanced the O2(-)-scavenging 
      activity of vitamin C. Frs. VI and VII stimulated mouse macrophage-like cells Raw 
      264.7 to produce nitric oxide (NO), citrulline (CIT) and asparagine (ASN), via 
      the enhanced expression of iNOS and ASN synthetase, whereas phenylpropenoid 
      monomers and polymers inhibited NO/CIT/ASN production. These data suggest that 
      the polymerized structure of phenylpropenoids in lignin-carbohydrate complexes is 
      required for the induction of antiviral activity, and that the higher-order 
      structure of phenylpropenoid polymers and polysaccharides is required for 
      immunopotentiation, including macrophage activation.
FAU - Sakagami, Hiroshi
AU  - Sakagami H
AD  - Department of Dental Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, 
      Saitama 350-0283, Japan. sakagami@dent.meikai.ac.jp
FAU - Hashimoto, Ken
AU  - Hashimoto K
FAU - Suzuki, Fumika
AU  - Suzuki F
FAU - Ogiwara, Takako
AU  - Ogiwara T
FAU - Satoh, Kazue
AU  - Satoh K
FAU - Ito, Hideyuki
AU  - Ito H
FAU - Hatano, Tsutomu
AU  - Hatano T
FAU - Takashi, Yoshida
AU  - Takashi Y
FAU - Fujisawa, Sei-ichiro
AU  - Fujisawa S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Phytochemistry
JT  - Phytochemistry
JID - 0151434
RN  - 0 (Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Free Radical Scavengers)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
RN  - 9005-53-2 (Lignin)
RN  - PQ6CK8PD0R (Ascorbic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology
MH  - Carbohydrates/*chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Drug Synergism
MH  - Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Lignin/*chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Macrophages/metabolism
MH  - Mice
MH  - Molecular Weight
MH  - Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
RF  - 84
EDAT- 2005/06/28 09:00
MHDA- 2006/01/25 09:00
CRDT- 2005/06/28 09:00
PHST- 2004/08/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/04/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2005/06/28 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/01/25 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/06/28 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0031-9422(05)00228-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.05.013 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Phytochemistry. 2005 Sep;66(17):2108-20. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.05.013.