PMID- 15995959
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050923
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0022-1899 (Print)
IS  - 1537-6613 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-1899 (Linking)
VI  - 192
IP  - 3
DP  - 2005 Aug 1
TI  - HIV-1 Protease and reverse-transcriptase mutations: correlations with 
      antiretroviral therapy in subtype B isolates and implications for drug-resistance 
      surveillance.
PG  - 456-65
AB  - Background. It is important, for drug-resistance surveillance, to identify human 
      immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains that have undergone antiretroviral 
      drug selection.Methods. We compared the prevalence of protease and 
      reverse-transcriptase (RT) mutations in HIV-1 sequences from persons with and 
      without previous treatment with protease inhibitors (PIs), nucleoside RT 
      inhibitors (NRTIs), and nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs). 
      Treatment-associated mutations in protease isolates from 5867 persons and RT 
      isolates from 6247 persons were categorized by whether they were polymorphic 
      (prevalence, >0.5%) in untreated individuals and whether they were established 
      drug-resistance mutations. New methods were introduced to minimize 
      misclassification from transmitted resistance, population stratification, 
      sequencing artifacts, and multiple hypothesis testing.Results. Some 36 
      established and 24 additional nonpolymorphic protease mutations at 34 positions 
      were related to PI treatment, 21 established and 22 additional nonpolymorphic RT 
      mutations at 24 positions with NRTI treatment, and 15 established and 11 
      additional nonpolymorphic RT mutations at 15 positions with NNRTI treatment. In 
      addition, 11 PI-associated and 1 NRTI-associated established mutations were 
      polymorphic in viruses from untreated persons.Conclusions. Established 
      drug-resistance mutations encompass only a subset of treatment-associated 
      mutations; some of these are polymorphic in untreated persons. In contrast, 
      nonpolymorphic treatment-associated mutations may be more sensitive and specific 
      markers of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance.
FAU - Rhee, Soo-Yon
AU  - Rhee SY
AD  - Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA 
      94301, USA.
FAU - Fessel, W Jeffrey
AU  - Fessel WJ
FAU - Zolopa, Andrew R
AU  - Zolopa AR
FAU - Hurley, Leo
AU  - Hurley L
FAU - Liu, Tommy
AU  - Liu T
FAU - Taylor, Jonathan
AU  - Taylor J
FAU - Nguyen, Dong Phuong
AU  - Nguyen DP
FAU - Slome, Sally
AU  - Slome S
FAU - Klein, Daniel
AU  - Klein D
FAU - Horberg, Michael
AU  - Horberg M
FAU - Flamm, Jason
AU  - Flamm J
FAU - Follansbee, Stephen
AU  - Follansbee S
FAU - Schapiro, Jonathan M
AU  - Schapiro JM
FAU - Shafer, Robert W
AU  - Shafer RW
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI068581/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AI068581-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AI046148/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AI46148-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AI046148-08/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DEP - 20050705
PL  - United States
TA  - J Infect Dis
JT  - The Journal of infectious diseases
JID - 0413675
RN  - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
RN  - 0 (HIV Protease Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
RN  - EC 3.4.23.- (HIV Protease)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - HIV Infections/drug therapy/transmission
MH  - HIV Protease/chemistry/drug effects/*genetics
MH  - HIV Protease Inhibitors/*therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Mutation
MH  - Polymorphism, Genetic
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use
PMC - PMC2597526
MID - NIHMS65108
EDAT- 2005/07/05 09:00
MHDA- 2005/09/24 09:00
PMCR- 2008/12/08
CRDT- 2005/07/05 09:00
PHST- 2004/11/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/03/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2005/07/05 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/09/24 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/07/05 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2008/12/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JID33885 [pii]
AID - 10.1086/431601 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Infect Dis. 2005 Aug 1;192(3):456-65. doi: 10.1086/431601. Epub 2005 Jul 5.