PMID- 16014741
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20051115
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1096-6080 (Print)
IS  - 1096-0929 (Linking)
VI  - 88
IP  - 1
DP  - 2005 Nov
TI  - Interactions of contact allergens with dendritic cells: opportunities and 
      challenges for the development of novel approaches to hazard assessment.
PG  - 4-11
AB  - The identification of potential skin sensitizing chemicals is a key step in the 
      overall skin safety risk assessment process. Traditionally, predictive testing 
      has been conducted in guinea pigs. More recently, the murine local lymph node 
      assay (LLNA) has become the preferred test method for assessing skin 
      sensitization potential. However, even with the significant animal welfare 
      benefits provided by the LLNA, there is a need to develop non-animal test methods 
      for skin sensitization. Mechanistic understanding of allergic contact dermatitis 
      has increased substantially in recent years. For example, a number of changes are 
      known to occur in epidermal Langerhans cells, the principal antigen-presenting 
      dendritic cell in the skin, as a result of exposure to chemical allergens, 
      including the internalization of surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) 
      class II molecules via endocytosis, the induction of tyrosine phosphorylation, 
      the modulation of cell surface markers, and cytokine expression. The application 
      of this knowledge to the design of predictive in vitro alternative tests provides 
      both unique opportunities and challenges. In this review, we have focused 
      specifically on the impact of chemical exposure on dendritic cells and the 
      potential use of that information in the development of cell-based assays for 
      assessing skin sensitization potential of chemicals in vitro.
FAU - Ryan, Cindy A
AU  - Ryan CA
AD  - Miami Valley Innovation Center, Central Product Safety Department, The Procter & 
      Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45253-8707, USA. ryan.ca@pg.com
FAU - Gerberick, G Frank
AU  - Gerberick GF
FAU - Gildea, Lucy A
AU  - Gildea LA
FAU - Hulette, Ben C
AU  - Hulette BC
FAU - Betts, Catherine J
AU  - Betts CJ
FAU - Cumberbatch, Marie
AU  - Cumberbatch M
FAU - Dearman, Rebecca J
AU  - Dearman RJ
FAU - Kimber, Ian
AU  - Kimber I
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20050713
PL  - United States
TA  - Toxicol Sci
JT  - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology
JID - 9805461
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Allergens/classification/*toxicity
MH  - *Animal Testing Alternatives
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/*etiology/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Langerhans Cells/*drug effects/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Risk Assessment
RF  - 74
EDAT- 2005/07/15 09:00
MHDA- 2005/11/16 09:00
CRDT- 2005/07/15 09:00
PHST- 2005/07/15 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/11/16 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/07/15 09:00 [entrez]
AID - kfi245 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/toxsci/kfi245 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicol Sci. 2005 Nov;88(1):4-11. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi245. Epub 2005 Jul 13.