PMID- 16025290
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20051201
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0014-4819 (Print)
IS  - 0014-4819 (Linking)
VI  - 165
IP  - 4
DP  - 2005 Sep
TI  - Cognitive influences on predictive saccadic tracking.
PG  - 461-9
AB  - We have investigated the effects of mental set on predictive capabilities using a 
      saccade square-wave tracking paradigm with ten normal subjects, comparing three 
      amplitudes (10, 20, and 40 degrees ) and five inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) 
      (400, 500, 625, 1000, and 2000 ms). Subjects were instructed simply to "follow 
      the lights" (passive, reflexive instruction) or explicitly "move your eyes in 
      time with the lights" (active, volitional instruction). Saccades were defined as 
      reflexive (latency>100 ms), predictive (-200 ms<latency<100 ms), or anticipatory 
      (latency<-200 ms). We also calculated arrival time (saccade latency+saccade 
      duration). Instructions had a striking effect on predictive performance. The 
      effects were greatest with the longest ISIs (1000 and 2000 ms) and the largest 
      target displacement (40 degrees ). With the active instruction there were more 
      predictive and anticipatory saccades and with the passive instruction more 
      reflexive saccades. Furthermore, with the active instruction subjects could take 
      into account the duration of the impending saccade so that the eyes would arrive 
      closer to the appearance of the target no matter what the amplitude of the 
      required saccade. In sum, cognitive set, as determined by the specific 
      instructions given to the subject, has a striking effect on predictive saccade 
      behavior, which has important implications for interpreting physiological and 
      imaging correlates of predictive behavior in normals and in patients with 
      neurological disease.
FAU - Isotalo, E
AU  - Isotalo E
AD  - Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287-6921, 
      USA.
FAU - Lasker, A G
AU  - Lasker AG
FAU - Zee, D S
AU  - Zee DS
LA  - eng
GR  - DC 05506/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - EYO 1849/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DEP - 20050716
PL  - Germany
TA  - Exp Brain Res
JT  - Experimental brain research
JID - 0043312
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cognition/*physiology
MH  - Data Interpretation, Statistical
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Photic Stimulation
MH  - Psychomotor Performance/*physiology
MH  - Saccades/*physiology
EDAT- 2005/07/19 09:00
MHDA- 2005/12/13 09:00
CRDT- 2005/07/19 09:00
PHST- 2004/12/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/02/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2005/07/19 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/12/13 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/07/19 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00221-005-2317-7 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Exp Brain Res. 2005 Sep;165(4):461-9. doi: 10.1007/s00221-005-2317-7. Epub 2005 
      Jul 16.