PMID- 16036028
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20051007
LR  - 20191109
IS  - 1546-9530 (Print)
IS  - 1546-9530 (Linking)
VI  - 1
IP  - 2
DP  - 2004 Jul
TI  - Initiation and use of beta-blockers in class IV heart failure.
PG  - 72-6
AB  - Treatment of patients with heart failure caused by left ventricular systolic 
      dysfunction using b-adrenergic receptor antagonists (or b-blockers) results in 
      improvements in symptoms, hemodynamics, left ventricular remodeling, morbidity, 
      and mortality. Most patients studied in prospective, randomized 
      placebo-controlled trials have had New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional 
      class II or III symptoms. The efficacy of b-blockers in treating NYHA class IV 
      patients is not as well-established. This review summarizes the published 
      experience regarding the use of b-blockers in patients with advanced heart 
      failure. Although treatment requires considerable care, the data support attempts 
      at initiation of b-blockers in this group of patients.
FAU - Bader, Feras M
AU  - Bader FM
AD  - Division of Cardiology 4A100, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 30 North 
      1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
FAU - MacGregor, John F
AU  - MacGregor JF
FAU - Gilbert, Edward M
AU  - Gilbert EM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Curr Heart Fail Rep
JT  - Current heart failure reports
JID - 101196487
RN  - 0 (Adrenergic beta-Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/*therapeutic use
MH  - Female
MH  - Heart Failure/classification/*drug therapy/etiology
MH  - Hemodynamics/drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
MH  - Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/complications
RF  - 26
EDAT- 2005/07/23 09:00
MHDA- 2005/10/08 09:00
CRDT- 2005/07/23 09:00
PHST- 2005/07/23 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/10/08 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/07/23 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11897-004-0029-0 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2004 Jul;1(2):72-6. doi: 10.1007/s11897-004-0029-0.