PMID- 16041665
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20051006
LR  - 20191109
IS  - 0037-1963 (Print)
IS  - 0037-1963 (Linking)
VI  - 42
IP  - 3
DP  - 2005 Jul
TI  - Immune hemolytic anemia associated with negative routine serology.
PG  - 156-64
AB  - Immune hemolytic anemia can occur in patients who have no antibodies detectable 
      by routine procedures (direct [DAT] and indirect [IAT] antiglobulin tests). 
      DAT-negative autoimmune hemolytic anemias (AIHAs) represent 5% to 10% of all 
      AIHAs. Three causes have been identified: (1) small numbers of red blood cell 
      (RBC)-bound IgG molecules below the threshold of the DAT; (2) IgA and IgM 
      autoantibodies; and (3) low-affinity autoantibodies. Antibody-independent 
      cytotoxic events caused by natural killer (NK) cells have also been implicated. 
      DATs are sometimes found to be positive when tested by reference laboratories, 
      due to poor technique in reading antiglobulin tests in hospital laboratories. 
      Hemolytic transfusion reactions also can occur when no alloantibodies are 
      detectable by routine procedures. In some cases antibodies can be detected by 
      special serologic procedures (such as the Polybrene test); in other instances 
      phenotypically matched RBCs survive well and a specific antigen can be shown to 
      be involved, suggesting a specificity (like anti-C) that is undetectable by any 
      technique. Antibodies other than to blood group antigens, such as human leukocyte 
      antigen (HLA) antibodies, may sometimes be involved.
FAU - Garratty, George
AU  - Garratty G
AD  - American Red Cross Blood Services, Pomona, CA 91768, USA. 
      garratty@usa.redcross.org
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Semin Hematol
JT  - Seminars in hematology
JID - 0404514
RN  - 0 (Autoantibodies)
RN  - 0 (Isoantibodies)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anemia, Hemolytic/*diagnosis/*immunology
MH  - Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/diagnosis/immunology
MH  - Antibody Affinity
MH  - Autoantibodies/blood/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Isoantibodies/blood/immunology
MH  - Transfusion Reaction
RF  - 73
EDAT- 2005/07/26 09:00
MHDA- 2005/10/07 09:00
CRDT- 2005/07/26 09:00
PHST- 2005/07/26 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/10/07 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/07/26 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0037196305000582 [pii]
AID - 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2005.04.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Semin Hematol. 2005 Jul;42(3):156-64. doi: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2005.04.005.