PMID- 16048551
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20051018
LR  - 20071114
IS  - 0105-2896 (Print)
IS  - 0105-2896 (Linking)
VI  - 206
DP  - 2005 Aug
TI  - Mucosal immunity and allergic responses: lack of regulation and/or lack of 
      microbial stimulation?
PG  - 204-18
AB  - Allergic hyperreactivity is defined as an exaggerated immune response [typically 
      immunoglobulin E (IgE) but also non-IgE mediated] toward harmless antigenic 
      stimuli. The prevalence of allergic disease has increased dramatically during the 
      last 20 years, especially in developed countries. Both genetic and environmental 
      factors contribute to susceptibility to allergy. Evidence has emerged supporting 
      the hypothesis that a reduction in antigenic stimulation brought about by 
      widespread vaccination, improvements in standards of hygiene, and extensive use 
      of antibiotics has contributed to the dysregulation of T-helper 2 cell (Th2) type 
      responsiveness that typifies allergy. Regulation of the inherently Th2-biased 
      mucosal immune response is crucial both to the maintenance of homeostasis at this 
      strategic defensive barrier and to the prevention of allergic disease. The 
      ability of Th1 responses to counter-regulate Th2 reactivity is well 
      characterized. More recently, interest has centered on regulatory T cells, which 
      can suppress both Th1 and Th2 cells through the secretion of immunosuppressive 
      cytokines such as interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta. In this 
      review, we discuss the basic cellular mechanisms of allergic diseases at mucosal 
      surfaces, focusing on allergic responses to food, before examining newer work 
      that suggests the induction of allergic hyperreactivity is due to a deficient 
      immunoregulatory network, a lack of microbial stimulation, or both.
FAU - Prioult, Guenolee
AU  - Prioult G
AD  - Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical 
      School, Charlestown, MA 02129-4404, USA.
FAU - Nagler-Anderson, Cathryn
AU  - Nagler-Anderson C
LA  - eng
GR  - DK43551/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DK55678/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Immunol Rev
JT  - Immunological reviews
JID - 7702118
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypersensitivity/drug therapy/*immunology/*microbiology
MH  - *Immunity, Mucosal
RF  - 170
EDAT- 2005/07/29 09:00
MHDA- 2005/10/19 09:00
CRDT- 2005/07/29 09:00
PHST- 2005/07/29 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/10/19 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/07/29 09:00 [entrez]
AID - IMR277 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00277.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Immunol Rev. 2005 Aug;206:204-18. doi: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00277.x.