PMID- 16053075
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20051027
LR  - 20190715
IS  - 0013-936X (Print)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 13
DP  - 2005 Jul 1
TI  - PCDD/Fs in Norwegian and U.K. soils: implications for sources and environmental 
      cycling.
PG  - 4784-92
AB  - This paper presents data on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans 
      (PCDD/Fs) in a set of well-characterized, undisturbed surface (0-5 cm) and 
      subsurface background soils from the U.K. and Norway. The soils have been used 
      previously to investigate the latitudinal distribution, fractionation, cold 
      condensation, and "hopping" of other classes of persistent organic pollutants 
      (POPs). The mono- to octa-CDD/F homologues were quantified. Woodland soils 
      contained higher concentrations (on a dry and soil organic matter (SOM)-basis) 
      than grassland soils, consistent with previous studies. The absolute 
      concentrations of all the PCDDs and most of the PCDFs significantly decreased 
      with latitude, generally supporting the idea of a "southern source region" and a 
      "remote/ receiving northern region". There was little evidence of "fractionation" 
      and minimal influence of PCDD/F "hopping" on PCDD/F distribution. The %SOM 
      content had a rather minor influence on soil PCDD/F composition. These findings 
      contrast with the trends seen in these soils for hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). 
      Possible reasons for these differences are discussed and may include influences 
      of/proximity to diffusive combustion sources and/ or sources of variable 
      homologue emissions, formation/ conversion processes for PCDD/Fs in soils, or 
      strong soil-PCDD/F partitioning. These soils, from regionally remote/ background 
      locations in Europe contained between 0.2 and 78 pg sigmaTEQ/g DW. Some therefore 
      exceed recommended levels of contamination for certain land uses by some European 
      countries. These recommendations seem unrealistic and prohibitively restrictive 
      in light of the dataset presented here.
FAU - Hassanin, Ashraf
AU  - Hassanin A
AD  - Environmental Science Department, Institute of Environmental and Natural 
      Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.
FAU - Lee, Robert G M
AU  - Lee RG
FAU - Steinnes, Eiliv
AU  - Steinnes E
FAU - Jones, Kevin C
AU  - Jones KC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Benzofurans)
RN  - 0 (Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
SB  - IM
MH  - Benzofurans/*analysis/chemistry
MH  - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
MH  - Diffusion
MH  - Norway
MH  - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/*analogs & derivatives/analysis/chemistry
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Soil Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - United Kingdom
EDAT- 2005/08/02 09:00
MHDA- 2005/10/28 09:00
CRDT- 2005/08/02 09:00
PHST- 2005/08/02 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/10/28 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/08/02 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/es0505189 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Jul 1;39(13):4784-92. doi: 10.1021/es0505189.